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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório de estágio encontra-se dividida em dois capítulos: o primeiroédedicado ao trabalho de investigação realizado; e o segundo visa o meuestágiocurricular em Farmácia Comunitária. No Capítulo I, está descrito o trabalho de investigação realizado. A ayahuascaéumabebida psicoativa preparada a partir da decocção das folhas de Psychotria viridis(P. viridis) e do caule de Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi). A primeira contémN,N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT), um composto alucinógeno, enquanto a segunda contémß-carbolinas (ß-CA), que apresentam atividade como inibidores da monoamino oxidaseA(MAO-A). Uma vez que a DMT é metabolizada por esta enzima, a sua inibição por partedas ß-CA, permite que ela exerça o seu efeito sobre o sistema nervoso central. Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado um aumento no consumo da ayahuasca, peloquesetorna importante a existência de métodos analíticos sensíveis que permitamidentificarestes compostos, e assim poder avaliar os seus efeitos nos seres humanos, permitindoum diagnóstico rápido em casos de intoxicação. Assim, foi desenvolvido e validado, consoante as normas internacionais da FoodandDrug Administration, um método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acopladoa um detetor diode array (HPLC-DAD), para a determinação das ß-CAharmina, harmalina, tetrahidroharmina, harmol e harmalol. Recorrendo ao método desenvolvido, foram analisadas amostras de diferentes bebidasde ayahuasca, permitindo a determinação das concentrações dos compostospreviamente referidos. Verificou-se que a P. viridis e a Mimosa hostilis (M. hostilis)não evidenciaram a presença de ß-carbolinas na sua constituição. Observou-seaindaque a B. caapi e a Peganum harmala (P. harmala) apresentavamtodas as ß-carbolinasem estudo, embora com maiores concentrações de harmina, harmalinaetetrahidroharmina. Foram também analisadas amostras com misturas de duas destasplantas, tendo-se observado a existência dos seis compostos emestudo, à exceçãodamistura contendo P. viridis e B. caapi, onde não foi detetado harmalol. Uma misturacomercial de ayahuasca também foi analisada e observou-se que, à semelhançadamistura anterior, apresentava todos os compostos exceto o harmalol. No Capítulo II, encontra-se detalhada a experiência profissionalizante realizadanaFarmácia Morgado Duarte em Castelo Branco, que decorreu entre 1 de marçoe9dejulho de 2021, sob orientação da Dra. Joana Lourenço.
This work is divided into two chapters: the first is dedicated to the researchworkcarried out; and the second chapter presents my internship in Community Pharmacy. In Chapter I, the research work carried out is described. Ayahuascaisapsychoactive beverage prepared from the decoction of the leaves of Psychotriaviridis (P. viridis) and the stem of Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi). The first onecontains N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a hallucinogenic compound, whilethesecond one contains ß-carbolines (ß-CA), which have activity as monoaminooxidaseA(MAO-A) inhibitors. Since DMT is metabolized by this enzyme, its inhibitionbyß-CA allows it to exert its effect on the central nervous system. In recent years there has been an increase in the consumption of ayahuasca, whichmakes it important to have sensitive analytical methods that allow the identificationof these compounds and thus being able to assess their effects on human beings, allowinga quick diagnosis in cases of intoxication. Moreover, a high efficiency liquid chromatography method coupled to a diodearraydetector (HPLC-DAD) was developed and validated, in accordance withtheinternational standards of the Food and Drug Administration, for the determinationof ß-CA harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine, harmol and harmalol. Using the developed method, samples of different ayahuasca beverages were analyzed, allowing their characterization in terms of the concentrations of the previouslymentioned compounds. It was found that P. viridis and Mimosa hostilis (M. hostilis)did not show ß-carbolines in their constitution. Furthermore, it was observedthat B. caapi and Peganum harmala (P. harmala) had all the ß-CA under study, althoughwithhigher concentrations of harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine. Samples withmixtures of two of these plants were also analyzed, and the existence of thesixcompounds under study was observed, except for the mixture containingP. viridis and B. caapi, where harmalol was not detected. A commercial mixtureof Ayahuasca was also analyzed and it was observed that, like the previous mixture, it hadall the compounds except harmalol. In Chapter II, the professional experience carried out at Farmácia Morgado DuarteinCastelo Branco, which occurred between March 1 and July 9, 2021, under the guidanceof Dr. Joana Lourenço, is detailed.
This work is divided into two chapters: the first is dedicated to the researchworkcarried out; and the second chapter presents my internship in Community Pharmacy. In Chapter I, the research work carried out is described. Ayahuascaisapsychoactive beverage prepared from the decoction of the leaves of Psychotriaviridis (P. viridis) and the stem of Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi). The first onecontains N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a hallucinogenic compound, whilethesecond one contains ß-carbolines (ß-CA), which have activity as monoaminooxidaseA(MAO-A) inhibitors. Since DMT is metabolized by this enzyme, its inhibitionbyß-CA allows it to exert its effect on the central nervous system. In recent years there has been an increase in the consumption of ayahuasca, whichmakes it important to have sensitive analytical methods that allow the identificationof these compounds and thus being able to assess their effects on human beings, allowinga quick diagnosis in cases of intoxication. Moreover, a high efficiency liquid chromatography method coupled to a diodearraydetector (HPLC-DAD) was developed and validated, in accordance withtheinternational standards of the Food and Drug Administration, for the determinationof ß-CA harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine, harmol and harmalol. Using the developed method, samples of different ayahuasca beverages were analyzed, allowing their characterization in terms of the concentrations of the previouslymentioned compounds. It was found that P. viridis and Mimosa hostilis (M. hostilis)did not show ß-carbolines in their constitution. Furthermore, it was observedthat B. caapi and Peganum harmala (P. harmala) had all the ß-CA under study, althoughwithhigher concentrations of harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine. Samples withmixtures of two of these plants were also analyzed, and the existence of thesixcompounds under study was observed, except for the mixture containingP. viridis and B. caapi, where harmalol was not detected. A commercial mixtureof Ayahuasca was also analyzed and it was observed that, like the previous mixture, it hadall the compounds except harmalol. In Chapter II, the professional experience carried out at Farmácia Morgado DuarteinCastelo Branco, which occurred between March 1 and July 9, 2021, under the guidanceof Dr. Joana Lourenço, is detailed.
Description
Keywords
Ayahuasca Farmácia Comunitária Hplc-Dad ß-Carbolinas