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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
The pursuit of effective treatments for metastatic cancer is still one of the
most intensive areas of research in the biomedical field. In a not-so-distant
past, the scientific community has witnessed the rise of immunotherapy
based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This therapeutic modality
intends to abolish immunosuppressive interactions, re-establishing T cell
responses against metastasized cancer cells. Despite the initial enthusiasm,
the ICIs were later found to be associated with low clinical therapeutic
outcomes and immune-related side effects. To address these limitations,
researchers are exploring the combination of ICIs with nanomaterial-mediated
phototherapies. These nanomaterials can accumulate within the tumor
and produce, upon interaction with light, a temperature increase (photothermal
therapy) and/or reactive oxygen species (photodynamic therapy),
causing damage to cancer cells. Importantly, these photothermal-photodynamic
effects can pave the way for an enhanced ICI-based immunotherapy
by inducing the release of tumor-associated antigens and danger-associated
molecular patterns, as well as by relieving tumor hypoxia and triggering a
pro-inflammatory response. This progress report analyses the potential of
nanomaterial-mediated photothermal-photodynamic therapy in combination
with ICIs, focusing on their ability to modulate T cell populations leading to
an anti-metastatic abscopal effect and on their capacity to generate immune
memory that prevents tumor recurrence.
Description
Keywords
Cancer Immunotherapy Nanomedicine Near infrared Photodynamic Phototherapy Photothermal
Citation
Publisher
Wiley