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Abstract(s)
O interesse pelas fontes de energia renováveis tem conquistado ao longo dos anos uma grande importância no mercado mundial. Esse interesse deve-se, essencialmente, ao carácter finito das fontes de combustíveis fósseis e aos efeitos do seu consumo no ambiente. A produção de energia recorrendo a recursos renováveis, como o vento, o sol, os rios e os mares, representa um importante meio alternativo que assume cada vez mais relevo.
Também em Portugal se tem apostado na utilização das fontes de energia renováveis. A introdução da microprodução no nosso país é um claro exemplo dessa aposta, consubstanciado com a implementação do Decreto-Lei nº 363/2007. A incorporação das energias renováveis no quadro energético nacional tem permitido a Portugal reduzir a sua dependência energética face ao exterior, reduzindo assim o saldo importador energético. Têm, igualmente, ajudado no cumprimento dos compromissos assumidos no contexto das políticas europeias para o combate às alterações climáticas e tem permitido criar emprego e riqueza no nosso país.
O desenvolvimento desta dissertação incide precisamente sobre a avaliação de unidades fotovoltaicas de microprodução em funcionamento. Tratam-sede instalações de pequena escala para a produção descentralizada de energia através da conversão directa da radiação solar em energia eléctrica. São analisadas no presente trabalho 23 unidades fotovoltaicas de microprodução ligadas à rede. Foi recolhida informação em cada uma dessas unidades relativamente à sua constituição, à energia total produzida e à incidência de anomalias registadas no seu funcionamento. Foram calculados e discutidos parâmetros de desempenho, o que permitiu retirar um conjunto de conclusões relativas ao dimensionamento e funcionamento deste tipo de unidades.
The interest in renewable energy has obtained over the years a great importance in the world market. That interest is mainly due to the finite nature of fossil fuel sources and to the effects of their consumption on the environment. The production of energy using renewable resources, such as wind, the sun, the rivers and the seas, is an important alternative way that is assuming every day more relevance. Portugal was one of the countries that decided to focus on the use of renewable energy sources. The introduction of microgeneration in our country is a clear example of this commitment, implementation with the Decreto-Lei nº 363/2007. The incorporation of renewable energy in the national energy framework has allowed Portugal to reduce its energy dependence from the outside, reducing energy the import balance. It was also important for the fulfillment of the commitments undertaken in the context of the European Union policies to combat climate change and has allowed to the creation of jobs and wealth in our country. The development of this dissertation focuses specifically on the evaluation of microgeneration photovoltaic units in normal operation. This kind of facilities is used for small-scale decentralized energy production through the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity. In the present study 23 photovoltaic microgeneration units connected to the network are analyzed. Information was collected on each unit concerning its constitution, the total energy produced and recorded incidence of anomalies in its functioning. That information was analyzed and some performance parameters were calculated and discussed, wiping out a set of conclusions useful for the design and operation of such kind of units.
The interest in renewable energy has obtained over the years a great importance in the world market. That interest is mainly due to the finite nature of fossil fuel sources and to the effects of their consumption on the environment. The production of energy using renewable resources, such as wind, the sun, the rivers and the seas, is an important alternative way that is assuming every day more relevance. Portugal was one of the countries that decided to focus on the use of renewable energy sources. The introduction of microgeneration in our country is a clear example of this commitment, implementation with the Decreto-Lei nº 363/2007. The incorporation of renewable energy in the national energy framework has allowed Portugal to reduce its energy dependence from the outside, reducing energy the import balance. It was also important for the fulfillment of the commitments undertaken in the context of the European Union policies to combat climate change and has allowed to the creation of jobs and wealth in our country. The development of this dissertation focuses specifically on the evaluation of microgeneration photovoltaic units in normal operation. This kind of facilities is used for small-scale decentralized energy production through the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity. In the present study 23 photovoltaic microgeneration units connected to the network are analyzed. Information was collected on each unit concerning its constitution, the total energy produced and recorded incidence of anomalies in its functioning. That information was analyzed and some performance parameters were calculated and discussed, wiping out a set of conclusions useful for the design and operation of such kind of units.
Description
Keywords
Energia solar - Microgeração Energia solar - Tecnologia fotovoltaicas Microgeração - Unidades fotovoltaicas - Funcionamento Unidades fotovoltaicas - Parâmetros de desempenho - Avaliação