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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta tese tem como objectivo o desenvolvimento de uma unidade de revestimento
de base polimérica com resíduos grossos das Minas da Panasqueira, com características
físicas e mecânicas para obtenção de marcação CE, de acordo com a norma EN
13748-2, bem como com coloração, brilho e textura de elevado valor arquitectónico. Este
tipo de unidade de revestimento permitirá reaproveitar e valorizar os resíduos grossos vindos
das Minas da Panasqueira a baixo custo, e também baixo gasto de energia, tendo em
conta o processo de fabrico destas unidades de revestimento.
Para integração deste trabalho no tipo de materiais compósitos de base polimérica foi necessário
efectuar uma revisão de literatura sobre o tipo de materiais poliméricos já existentes,
as suas aplicações na construção civil e vantagens, bem como o tipo de polímeros
naturais existentes e quais as vantagens destes em relação aos polímeros sintéticos.
Foi elaborado um programa experimental onde são estudadas as características físicas, químicas
e mecânicas, e geométricas dos resíduos grossos das minas para o desenvolvimento
da unidade de revestimento, bem como da resina utilizada.
Para proceder ao desenvolvimento das unidades de revestimento, foram estudadas quais
as vantagens e desvantagens dos protótipos iniciais e a forma como foram elaborados e
optimizados, tendo em conta a dosagem óptima de resina necessária para obter óptimas
características físicas e mecânicas, coloração e brilho, assim como o tamanho e coloração
mais adequados dos resíduos grossos utilizados. Após a realização dos protótipos, estes foram
submetidos aos ensaios necessários para que fosse possível uma futura marcação CE.
Os ensaios realizados foram os seguintes: Resistência à Flexão; Resistência à Compressão;
Resistência ao Desgaste por Abrasão; Resistência ao Escorregamento/Deslizamento;
Resistência às Intempéries, através dos ensaios de Absorção de Água e Resistência ao
Gelo/Degelo; Desempenho ao Fogo; Condutividade Térmica.
Finalmente, após a realização das unidades de revestimento foram analisados todos os resultados
obtidos a fim de comparar com os valores exigidos na normalização vigente, EN
13748-2 para unidades de revestimento para uso externo.
The objective of this thesis was the development of a polymeric base unit using coarse mining wastes of Panasqueira mining quarries, having physical and mechanical characteristics to fulfill CE marking, in accordance with EN 13748-2 standard, as well as having adequate color, brightness and texture for architectural applications. This type of unit will allow recycling and add value to Panasqueira quarries, at low cost and low energy consumption, considering the technological process to produce it. A literature review regarding polymeric composite materials is presented, namely, types of composite materials and its applications in Civil Engineering, advantages, natural polymers and artificial polymers, advantageous and disadvantageous. An experimental program was developed. Physical, chemical, mechanical and geometrical characteristics of coarse mining waste materials were studied, as well as the polymeric resin. To proceed with the development of the units, the advantages and disadvantages of the initial prototypes has been studied, particularly its shape and production method, taking into account an optimal resin content for best physical and mechanical characteristics, color and brightness, as well as the size and color of mining wastes. After completion of initial prototypes, units were to necessary tests for eventual CE marking. The tests carried out were the following: Breaking strength; Compressive strength; Abrasion resistance; Slip/Skid resistance; Weathering resistance; through the assays of Water absorption and Freeze/thaw resistance; Fire performance and Thermal conductivity. Finally, after concluding the development of polymeric based units, results of testing were analyzed in order to compare its performance with the requirements of standard EN 13748- 2, for external use.
The objective of this thesis was the development of a polymeric base unit using coarse mining wastes of Panasqueira mining quarries, having physical and mechanical characteristics to fulfill CE marking, in accordance with EN 13748-2 standard, as well as having adequate color, brightness and texture for architectural applications. This type of unit will allow recycling and add value to Panasqueira quarries, at low cost and low energy consumption, considering the technological process to produce it. A literature review regarding polymeric composite materials is presented, namely, types of composite materials and its applications in Civil Engineering, advantages, natural polymers and artificial polymers, advantageous and disadvantageous. An experimental program was developed. Physical, chemical, mechanical and geometrical characteristics of coarse mining waste materials were studied, as well as the polymeric resin. To proceed with the development of the units, the advantages and disadvantages of the initial prototypes has been studied, particularly its shape and production method, taking into account an optimal resin content for best physical and mechanical characteristics, color and brightness, as well as the size and color of mining wastes. After completion of initial prototypes, units were to necessary tests for eventual CE marking. The tests carried out were the following: Breaking strength; Compressive strength; Abrasion resistance; Slip/Skid resistance; Weathering resistance; through the assays of Water absorption and Freeze/thaw resistance; Fire performance and Thermal conductivity. Finally, after concluding the development of polymeric based units, results of testing were analyzed in order to compare its performance with the requirements of standard EN 13748- 2, for external use.
Description
Keywords
Resíduos de minas - Minas da Panasqueira Compósitos poliméricos Materiais reciclados Revestimentos poliméricos - Construção civil Eco-materiais Revestimentos arquitectónicos