| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.11 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo analisar de que forma a dignidade
humana é e poderá continuar a ser a base fundamental da Declaração Universal dos
Direitos Humanos. Mais especificamente será a dignidade das mulheres enquanto
fundamento do respeito pelos seus próprios direitos humanos.
O valor dos direitos humanos é constantemente posto à prova devido a algumas falhas
que são apresentadas. As críticas feitas aos mesmo levaram a um debate interminável,
pondo a sua universalidade em causa. Este debate entre o universalismo e o relativismo
cultural dos direitos humanos tem como consequência o levantamento de mais
questões do que de respostas aos problemas já existentes ou até mesmo hipotéticos.
As práticas culturais tendem a levantar sempre questões quando são consideradas
controversas, por outro país ou comunidade. É um facto que algumas práticas põem em
causa os direitos humanos e a dignidade dos indivíduos. Normalmente são minorias,
como mulheres e crianças (entre outras), que em países menos desenvolvidos têm os
seus direitos constantemente postos em causa ou até mesmo violados.
A análise é feita através da exposição de um caso de estudo: a proibição do uso do véu
islâmico pelas mulheres muçulmanas em França. Este caso apresenta o ponto de vista
de duas comunidades com valores culturais diferentes. Neste caso esses valores
refletem-se na ideia do que cada um dos lados tem do que significa ter dignidade. Para
uma melhor compreensão da prática cultural neste caso (uso do véu islâmico), o
conceito de habitus foi fulcral. Através do conceito de habitus foi permitido
compreender e demonstrar melhor o simbolismo desta prática. E de que forma poderá
ter relevância não só no debate do universalismo vs relativismo dos direitos humanos,
mas também na dignidade como base dos direitos humanos.
The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze how human dignity is and can continue to be the fundamental basis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. More specifically, it will be the dignity of women as the foundation of respect for their own human rights. The value of human rights is constantly put to the test due to some flaws that are presented. The criticisms leveled at them led to an endless debate, calling into question their universality. This debate between the universalism and cultural relativism of human rights results in raising more questions than answers to existing or even hypothetical problems. Cultural practices always tend to raise questions when they are considered controversial by another country or community. It is a fact that some practices jeopardize human rights and the dignity of individuals. They usually minorities, such as women and children (among others), who in less developed countries have their rights constantly questioned or even violated. The analysis is done through the exposition of a case study: the ban on the use of the Islamic veil by Muslim women in France. This case presents the point of view of two communities with different cultural values. In this case, these values are reflected in the idea that each side has what it means to have dignity. For a better understanding of cultural practice in this case (use of the Islamic veil), the concept of habitus was central. Through the concept of habitus, it was possible to better understand and demonstrate the symbolism of this practice. And how can it have relevance not only in the debate of universalism vs relativism of human rights but also on dignity as the basis of human rights.
The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze how human dignity is and can continue to be the fundamental basis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. More specifically, it will be the dignity of women as the foundation of respect for their own human rights. The value of human rights is constantly put to the test due to some flaws that are presented. The criticisms leveled at them led to an endless debate, calling into question their universality. This debate between the universalism and cultural relativism of human rights results in raising more questions than answers to existing or even hypothetical problems. Cultural practices always tend to raise questions when they are considered controversial by another country or community. It is a fact that some practices jeopardize human rights and the dignity of individuals. They usually minorities, such as women and children (among others), who in less developed countries have their rights constantly questioned or even violated. The analysis is done through the exposition of a case study: the ban on the use of the Islamic veil by Muslim women in France. This case presents the point of view of two communities with different cultural values. In this case, these values are reflected in the idea that each side has what it means to have dignity. For a better understanding of cultural practice in this case (use of the Islamic veil), the concept of habitus was central. Through the concept of habitus, it was possible to better understand and demonstrate the symbolism of this practice. And how can it have relevance not only in the debate of universalism vs relativism of human rights but also on dignity as the basis of human rights.
Description
Keywords
Dignidade Humana Direitos Humanos Habitus Identidade Relativismo Cultural Universalidade dos Direitos Humanos Véu Islâmico