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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O Toxoplasma gondii é um parasita intracelular, responsável pela
toxoplasmose. O ser humano pode adquirir a infeção pela ingestão de qualquer uma
das formas do parasita. A infeção materna por T. gondii é principalmente
assintomática, mas pode ter implicações para o desfecho da gravidez e para o feto. A
taxa de transmissão vertical aumenta com a idade gestacional. Por outro lado, a
severidade da infeção fetal está inversamente relacionada com a idade gestacional em
que ocorre a seroconversão. Devido às implicações que a infeção representa para a
gestação e para o recém-nascido, estão recomendadas medidas de prevenção primária e
secundária. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar o estado
serológico das grávidas cujos bebés nasceram no Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova
da Beira e avaliar o impacto da infeção para o recém-nascido.
Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional e retrospetivo. A amostra em estudo são
as grávidas seguidas no Hospital Universitário Cova da Beira, cujo parto e pelo menos
uma das serologias para a toxoplasmose foram realizados nesta instituição (no período
de janeiro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021). Foram recolhidas informações sobre as
grávidas, os testes serológicos e os recém-nascidos através da consulta dos processos
clínicos. As grávidas foram divididas em 2 grupos: imunes para a toxoplasmose e não
imunes. Com base em análise estatística foram comparados os 2 grupos em relação às
restantes variáveis.
Resultados: Das 647 grávidas em estudo, 7,4% são imunes para a toxoplasmose. A
seroprevalência de IgM é de 0,5%. No período do estudo não se verificaram
seroconversões para a toxoplasmose durante a gestação. As grávidas imunes para a
toxoplasmose apresentam uma idade significativamente mais elevada que as grávidas
não imunes. O grupo das grávidas não imunes realizaram um maior número de
serologias para pesquisa e doseamento dos anticorpos das classes IgM e IgG para a
Toxoplasmose em comparação com as imunes.
Conclusões: A imunidade para a toxoplasmose e a seroprevalência de anticorpos IgM
é mais baixa neste estudo do que está descrito em estudos anteriores. Esta tendência
decrescente atribui-se aos programas de prevenção recomendados em Portugal e ao
aumento do conhecimento sobre as medidas preventivas.
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis. Humans can acquire the infection by the ingestion of any of the forms of the parasite. The maternal infection is most typically asymptomatic, but it can have implications in the outcome of pregnancy and for the fetus. The vertical transmission rate increases with gestational age. On the other hand, the severity of fetal infection is inversely related with gestational age at maternal seroconversion. Due to the implications the infection represents for the gestation and newborn, are recommended primary and secundary preventive measures. This research study was developed to characterize the serological state of the pregnant woman whose babies were born in Cova da Beira University Hospital Center and evaluate the impact of the infection for the newborn. Methods: Observational and retrospective study. The population under study are the pregnant woman followed in Cova da Beira University Hospital Center, whose delivery and at least one of the serological tests for toxoplasmosis were realized in this institution (in the period from January of 2020 to December of 2021). Data from the pregnant women, serological tests and newborns were collected from medical records. The pregnant women were divided into 2 groups: immune for toxoplasmosis and nonimmune. The 2 groups were compared about the other variables by statistical analysis. Results: 7,4% of the 647 pregnant women in the study are immunes for toxoplasmosis. The seroprovelance of IgM is 0,5%. No toxoplasmosis seroconversions were detected during the study. The age of pregnant women immune for toxoplasmosis is significantly higher than non-immune. The group of non-immune pregnant women did more serologic testes that measures toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in comparison with immune. Conclusion: The immunity for toxoplasmosis and the seroprevalence of IgM antibodies is lower in this study than what is described in past studies. This decreasing tendency is attributed to the recommended prevention programs in Portugal and the increase of knowledge about preventive measures.
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis. Humans can acquire the infection by the ingestion of any of the forms of the parasite. The maternal infection is most typically asymptomatic, but it can have implications in the outcome of pregnancy and for the fetus. The vertical transmission rate increases with gestational age. On the other hand, the severity of fetal infection is inversely related with gestational age at maternal seroconversion. Due to the implications the infection represents for the gestation and newborn, are recommended primary and secundary preventive measures. This research study was developed to characterize the serological state of the pregnant woman whose babies were born in Cova da Beira University Hospital Center and evaluate the impact of the infection for the newborn. Methods: Observational and retrospective study. The population under study are the pregnant woman followed in Cova da Beira University Hospital Center, whose delivery and at least one of the serological tests for toxoplasmosis were realized in this institution (in the period from January of 2020 to December of 2021). Data from the pregnant women, serological tests and newborns were collected from medical records. The pregnant women were divided into 2 groups: immune for toxoplasmosis and nonimmune. The 2 groups were compared about the other variables by statistical analysis. Results: 7,4% of the 647 pregnant women in the study are immunes for toxoplasmosis. The seroprovelance of IgM is 0,5%. No toxoplasmosis seroconversions were detected during the study. The age of pregnant women immune for toxoplasmosis is significantly higher than non-immune. The group of non-immune pregnant women did more serologic testes that measures toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in comparison with immune. Conclusion: The immunity for toxoplasmosis and the seroprevalence of IgM antibodies is lower in this study than what is described in past studies. This decreasing tendency is attributed to the recommended prevention programs in Portugal and the increase of knowledge about preventive measures.
Description
Keywords
Gravidez Imunidade Recém-Nascido Seroprevalência Toxoplasmose