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Abstract(s)
A hipertensão arterial constitui-se num sério problema de saúde pública. A Organização
Mundial da Saúde estima que cerca de 1,13 mil milhões de pessoas no mundo tenham
Hipertensão Arterial, em que dois terços vivem em países com baixos rendimentos, e com
um crescimento exponencial a nível global de 60% até 2025, além de cerca de 7,1 milhões
de mortes anualmente. Ainda, segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, em 2015 menos
de 1 em cada 4 homens e 1 em cada 5 mulheres têm hipertensão e menos de 1 em 5 pessoas
com hipertensão têm o problema sob controlo. A prevalência da Hipertensão Arterial em
Portugal, segundo o Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico (2015) é de 36,0%, em
que se observaram valores mais elevados no sexo masculino (39,6%) e na faixa etária entre
os 65 aos 74 anos (71,3 %). O aumento da esperança média de vida, a mudança do estilo de
vida da sociedade moderna e a não adesão à terapêutica, quer por baixo poder económico,
quer por falta de escolaridade contribuem drasticamente para a prevalência da Hipertensão
Arterial a nível mundial. Sendo uma das principais causas de morte prematura em todo o
mundo, a sua terapêutica engloba vários tipos de tratamentos farmacológicos e não
farmacológicos que traduzem os resultados dos diferentes estudos de custo-efetividade e
custo-benefício, de modo a proporcionar melhor tratamento, relacionando os custos com a
efetividade do tratamento, ou seja, os outcomes clínicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar
uma revisão da literatura dos vários estudos sobre o tratamento da Hipertensão Arterial,
visando indicar quais as melhores relações custo-efetividade tanto na prevenção, como no
tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico.
Assim sendo, com este estudo conclui-se que o melhor tratamento custo-benéfico da
Hipertensão consiste na sua prevenção, onde imperam modificações dietéticas, prática do
exercício físico, perda de peso e restrição da ingesta salina e alcoólica, adaptando um estilo
de vida saudável e verifica-se que nos cuidados de saúde, o uso do custo-benefício baseado
em evidencias e práticas ocorre espontaneamente.
Arterial hypertension is a serious public health problem. The World Health Organization estimates that around 1.13 billion people worldwide have high blood pressure, two thirds of whom live in low-income countries, and exponentially growing globally by 60% by 2025, and also the 7.1 million deaths annually. In addition, according to the World Health Organization, in 2015 less than 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women have hypertension and less than 1 in 5 people with hypertension have the problem under control. The prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in Portugal, according to the National Health Survey with Physical Examination (2015) is 36.0%, in which higher values were observed in males (39.6%) and in the age group between 65 at 74 years old (71.3%). The increase in average life expectancy, the change in the lifestyle of modern society and the non-adherence to therapy, either due to low economic power or lack of schooling, contribute drastically to the prevalence of Arterial Hypertension worldwide. Being one of the main causes of premature death worldwide, its therapy includes several types of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that translate the results of different studies of cost-effectiveness and costbenefit, in order to provide better treatment, relating the costs with the effectiveness of the treatment, that is, the clinical outcomes. The objective of this dissertation is to carry out a literature review of the various studies on the treatment of Arterial Hypertension, aiming to indicate which are the best cost-effectiveness relations both in prevention, as in pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Therefore, with this study it is concluded that the best cost-beneficial treatment of Hypertension consists in its prevention, where dietary modifications, physical exercise, weight loss and restriction of saline and alcoholic intake prevail, adapting a healthy lifestyle. And it appears that in health care, the use of cost-benefit based on evidence and practices occurs spontaneously.
Arterial hypertension is a serious public health problem. The World Health Organization estimates that around 1.13 billion people worldwide have high blood pressure, two thirds of whom live in low-income countries, and exponentially growing globally by 60% by 2025, and also the 7.1 million deaths annually. In addition, according to the World Health Organization, in 2015 less than 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women have hypertension and less than 1 in 5 people with hypertension have the problem under control. The prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in Portugal, according to the National Health Survey with Physical Examination (2015) is 36.0%, in which higher values were observed in males (39.6%) and in the age group between 65 at 74 years old (71.3%). The increase in average life expectancy, the change in the lifestyle of modern society and the non-adherence to therapy, either due to low economic power or lack of schooling, contribute drastically to the prevalence of Arterial Hypertension worldwide. Being one of the main causes of premature death worldwide, its therapy includes several types of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that translate the results of different studies of cost-effectiveness and costbenefit, in order to provide better treatment, relating the costs with the effectiveness of the treatment, that is, the clinical outcomes. The objective of this dissertation is to carry out a literature review of the various studies on the treatment of Arterial Hypertension, aiming to indicate which are the best cost-effectiveness relations both in prevention, as in pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Therefore, with this study it is concluded that the best cost-beneficial treatment of Hypertension consists in its prevention, where dietary modifications, physical exercise, weight loss and restriction of saline and alcoholic intake prevail, adapting a healthy lifestyle. And it appears that in health care, the use of cost-benefit based on evidence and practices occurs spontaneously.
Description
Keywords
Custo-Benefício Custo-Efetividade Hipertensão Tratamento