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Abstract(s)
Introdução: a anemia é o distúrbio hematológico mais comum na gravidez e considerado pela
Organização Mundial de Saúde como um problema de saúde pública a nível mundial. Está
associada a diversos outcomes materno-fetais negativos, como o parto pré-termo e o baixo peso
à nascença.
Objetivos: este estudo procura determinar a prevalência da anemia nas grávidas do Centro
Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, bem como investigar fatores de risco para o
desenvolvimento de anemia. Pretende avaliar os outcomes materno-fetais daí resultantes,
tendo como objetivo último fundamentar intervenções clínicas precoces.
Metodologia: realizou-se uma investigação observacional retrospetiva através da consulta do
Livro de Partos do ano de 2018, onde constam os processos clínicos de todas as grávidas e
recém-nascidos cujos partos ocorrerem nesse ano. Foram incluídas 478 grávidas, tendo sido os
critérios de exclusão a gemelaridade e ausência de análises do terceiro trimestre. Desta
população estabeleceram-se dois grupos: grávidas com e sem anemia no terceiro trimestre;
através dos processos clínicos identificaram-se potenciais fatores de risco e consequências
materno-fetais. Aplicando o SPSS Statistics 25, efetuou-se uma análise estatística comparativa
entre os dois grupos e posteriormente calcularam-se os Odds Ratio às variáveis com
significância estatística, de modo a identificar os fatores de risco mais determinantes.
Resultados: a prevalência de anemia nas grávidas foi de 7,3% (23 anemias ligeiras e 12
moderadas). A prevalência aumentou sequencialmente nos três trimestres de gravidez (1,3; 6,2
e 7,3%), assim como a prevalência da carência de ferro (3,9; 18,8 e 23,1%). As grávidas com
anemia apresentaram associação estatística com a ausência de formação universitária (p <
0,007); idade inferior a trinta e cinco anos (p < 0,001); paridade igual ou superior a dois (p <
0,001); número de gestações superior a um (p < 0,018) e antecedentes pessoais de anemia (p
< 0,001). A análise dos Odds Ratio determinou que os fatores de risco mais relevantes foram os
antecedentes de anemia (OR: 24,444) e paridade igual ou superior a dois (OR: 3,992). Não foram
encontradas associações estatísticas entre anemia e parto pré-termo e baixo peso à nascença.
Conclusões: A manutenção da saúde materno-fetal deve ser uma preocupação constante. A
identificação destes fatores de risco deve preparar os profissionais de saúde a reconhecê-los e
agir preventivamente sobre eles.
Introduction: Anemia is the most common hematological disorder in pregnancy and is considered as a public health problem worldwide by the World Health Organization. It is associated with several negative maternal-fetal outcomes, such as preterm delivery and low birth weight. Objectives: this study seeks to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women at the Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, as well as to investigate risk factors for the development of anemia. It intends to evaluate the resulting maternal-fetal outcomes, with the ultimate objective of supporting early clinical interventions. Methods: a retrospective observational investigation was carried out through the consultation of the Book of Deliveries from 2018, where the clinical processes of all pregnant women and newborns whose births occurred that year were included. 478 pregnant women were involved, being twinning and absence of third trimester analysis criteria for exclusion. Two groups were established in this population: pregnant with and without anemia in the third trimester; through clinical processes, potential risk factors and maternal-fetal consequences were identified. By applying SPSS Statistics 25, a comparative statistical analysis was performed between the two groups and the Odds Ratios were subsequently calculated for the variables with statistical significance in order to identify the factors of risk factors. Results: the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was 7,3% (23 mild anemias and 12 moderate). Prevalence increased sequentially in the three trimesters of pregnancy (1,3; 6,2 and 7,3%), as well as the prevalence of iron deficiency (3,9; 18,8 and 23,1%). Pregnant women with anemia presented statistical association with the absence of university education (p < 0.007); age below 35 years (p < 0.001); parity equal to or greater than two (p < 0.002); number of pregnancies exceeding one (p < 0.018) and personal antecedents of anemia (p < 0.001). The analysis of the Odds Ratio determined that the most relevant risk factors were the history of anemia (OR: 24.444) and parity equal to or greater than two (OR: 3.992). No statistical associations were found between anemia and preterm birth and low birth weight. Conclusion: maternal-fetal health maintenance should be a constant concern. The identification of these risk factors should prepare health professionals to recognize and take preventive action on them.
Introduction: Anemia is the most common hematological disorder in pregnancy and is considered as a public health problem worldwide by the World Health Organization. It is associated with several negative maternal-fetal outcomes, such as preterm delivery and low birth weight. Objectives: this study seeks to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women at the Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, as well as to investigate risk factors for the development of anemia. It intends to evaluate the resulting maternal-fetal outcomes, with the ultimate objective of supporting early clinical interventions. Methods: a retrospective observational investigation was carried out through the consultation of the Book of Deliveries from 2018, where the clinical processes of all pregnant women and newborns whose births occurred that year were included. 478 pregnant women were involved, being twinning and absence of third trimester analysis criteria for exclusion. Two groups were established in this population: pregnant with and without anemia in the third trimester; through clinical processes, potential risk factors and maternal-fetal consequences were identified. By applying SPSS Statistics 25, a comparative statistical analysis was performed between the two groups and the Odds Ratios were subsequently calculated for the variables with statistical significance in order to identify the factors of risk factors. Results: the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was 7,3% (23 mild anemias and 12 moderate). Prevalence increased sequentially in the three trimesters of pregnancy (1,3; 6,2 and 7,3%), as well as the prevalence of iron deficiency (3,9; 18,8 and 23,1%). Pregnant women with anemia presented statistical association with the absence of university education (p < 0.007); age below 35 years (p < 0.001); parity equal to or greater than two (p < 0.002); number of pregnancies exceeding one (p < 0.018) and personal antecedents of anemia (p < 0.001). The analysis of the Odds Ratio determined that the most relevant risk factors were the history of anemia (OR: 24.444) and parity equal to or greater than two (OR: 3.992). No statistical associations were found between anemia and preterm birth and low birth weight. Conclusion: maternal-fetal health maintenance should be a constant concern. The identification of these risk factors should prepare health professionals to recognize and take preventive action on them.
Description
Keywords
Anemia Na Gravidez Fatores de Risco Obstetrícia Outcomes Materno-Fetais