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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O cordĂŁo umbilical Ă© uma estrutura essencial Ă vida do feto, sendo caracteristicamente
constituĂdo por trĂȘs vasos sanguĂneos: duas artĂ©rias (transporte de sangue venoso) e uma veia
(transporte de sangue arterial). No entanto, Ă© estimado que em cerca de 0,5-2,5% de todas as
gestaçÔes ocorre o surgimento de uma artĂ©ria umbilical Ășnica (AUU). Anteriormente era
considerada uma curiosidade anatĂłmica, contudo Ă© a anomalia verdadeira do cordĂŁo
umbilical mais frequente. Ă possĂvel encontrar uma AUU de forma isolada, ou associada a
malformaçÔes, atendendo a que cerca de 30% das crianças com esta condição possuem
anomalias estruturais congénitas associadas.
Objetivos: perceber as possĂveis etiologias que estĂŁo na base da AUU, com revisĂŁo da
embriologia associada; analisar qual o prognĂłstico, dirigindo o estudo para as quais as
potenciais anomalias associadas a este achado e o seu impacto na vida da criança; identificar
possĂveis fatores de risco associados; perceber o papel dos exames complementares de
diagnĂłstico, principalmente a ecografia; verificar quais os procedimentos efetuados quando
se verifica este achado; estudar qual o seguimento que estĂĄ preconizado.
MĂ©todos: a pesquisa bibliogrĂĄfica foi efetuada recorrendo a vĂĄrios motores de busca
disponĂveis na internet, como Pubmed e Medscape, tal como a enciclopĂ©dias e livros da ĂĄrea.
ConclusĂ”es: Apesar da ambiguidade caraterĂstica deste tema, foi possĂvel, com base na
bibliografia revista, estabelecer a associação da AUU com malformaçÔes estruturais
congénitas assim como cromossómicas. Desta forma, este achado associa-se a um prognóstico
variåvel, atendendo às condiçÔes associadas. Constatou-se ainda que a ecografia pré-natal,
realizada no segundo trimestre da gravidez, Ă© um exame essencial para o seu diagnĂłstico
precoce, após o qual é necessåria uma investigação mais detalhada.
The umbilical cord is essential to the life of the fetus, and typically comprises three blood vessels: two arteries (venous blood transport) and a vein (artery blood transport). However, it is estimated that at about 0.5-2.5% of all pregnancies is the appearance of a single umbilical artery (SUA). Previously, it was considered an anatomical curiosity, but it is the most common true anomaly of the umbilical cord. The SUA can be found isolated or in association with malformations, given that about 30% of children with this condition have associated congenital structural abnormalities. Objectives: To understand the possible etiologies that underlie the SUA, with review of the associated embryology; analyze the prognosis, realizing which anomalies are associated with this finding and its impact on the child's life; identify possible associated risk factors; understand the role of diagnostic tests, especially ultrasound; check out which procedures are performed. Methods: It was searched the electronic databases such as Pubmed and Medscape, and also encyclopedias and books in the area. Conclusion: Despite of the ambiguity issue of this theme, it was possible to establish the SUA association with congenital structural abnormalities as well as chromosome, based on literature reviewed. Thus, this finding is associated with a variable prognosis, depending on the associated conditions. It was also found that prenatal ultrasound, performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, is a key test for the early diagnosis, after which further investigation is required.
The umbilical cord is essential to the life of the fetus, and typically comprises three blood vessels: two arteries (venous blood transport) and a vein (artery blood transport). However, it is estimated that at about 0.5-2.5% of all pregnancies is the appearance of a single umbilical artery (SUA). Previously, it was considered an anatomical curiosity, but it is the most common true anomaly of the umbilical cord. The SUA can be found isolated or in association with malformations, given that about 30% of children with this condition have associated congenital structural abnormalities. Objectives: To understand the possible etiologies that underlie the SUA, with review of the associated embryology; analyze the prognosis, realizing which anomalies are associated with this finding and its impact on the child's life; identify possible associated risk factors; understand the role of diagnostic tests, especially ultrasound; check out which procedures are performed. Methods: It was searched the electronic databases such as Pubmed and Medscape, and also encyclopedias and books in the area. Conclusion: Despite of the ambiguity issue of this theme, it was possible to establish the SUA association with congenital structural abnormalities as well as chromosome, based on literature reviewed. Thus, this finding is associated with a variable prognosis, depending on the associated conditions. It was also found that prenatal ultrasound, performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, is a key test for the early diagnosis, after which further investigation is required.
Description
Keywords
ArtĂ©ria Umbilical Ănica Ecografia Embriologia MalformaçÔes CongĂ©nitas