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Abstract(s)
Ao longo deste caminho encontrei duas paixões, a Medicina e a Música, e nesse sentido
optei por realizar um trabalho onde pudesse conjugar estas duas artes. Assim nasceu esta
dissertação… a música como opção terapêutica nas crianças com perturbação do espectro do
autismo…
A nossa sociedade costuma padronizar as pessoas como "normais", quando se
comportam todas de forma igual, e muitas vezes evita as que parecerem "esquisitas" ou
diferentes da maioria das pessoas conhecidas. As crianças com perturbação do espectro do
autismo apresentam, desde cedo, um distúrbio severo do desenvolvimento, principalmente,
relacionado com a comunicação e a interacção social; contudo, podem apresentar incríveis
habilidades motoras, musicais, de cálculo matemático complexo, de memória e outras.
A música, ao fazer parte da nossa História, que se vai construindo e que depois
separamos no tempo passado e presente, faz parte do nosso processo dinâmico de identidade;
age sobre a cultura que lhe dá forma e de onde ela deriva, ao mesmo tempo em que se insere na
estrutura dinâmica onde ela própria se formou. A música tem significado para cada pessoa na
medida em que se vincula à experiência vivida, passada e/ou presente. Os significados da
música são, então, sociais e singulares, construídos, criados e recriados nas relações e acções
condizentes com o que é vivido e experimentado.
A música, cujo efeito sobre a mente é inegável, e é muito utilizada em técnicas de
relaxamento, apresenta a vantagem de ser muito apreciada pelas crianças com perturbação do
espectro do autismo e por isso a musicoterapia é a primeira técnica de aproximação com estas
crianças. As experiências musicais que permitem uma participação activa (ver, ouvir, tocar) favorecem o desenvolvimento dos sentidos das crianças. Ao trabalhar com os sons ela
desenvolve a acuidade auditiva, ao acompanhar gestos ou dançar ela trabalha a coordenação
motora, o ritmo e a atenção, ao cantar ou imitar sons ela descobre as suas capacidades e
estabelece relações com o ambiente em que vive.
Para a realização desta dissertação foi necessária a leitura de numerosos artigos. A
recolha bibliográfica foi realizada através de pesquisa electrónica em vários jornais e revistas
de grande interesse na área da medicina, nomeadamente nos seguintes: American Academy of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry, Journal of Autism and other Developmental Disorders, Journal of Autism and other
Developmental Disorders, The New England Journal of Medicine, American Academy of
Paediatrics, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, British Journal of Disorders of Communication,
entre outros. Também foram utilizados vários livros sobre o tema.
Along the way I have found two passions, Medicine and Music, and therefore I have chosen to write a dissertation which conjugated both arts. That was how the guidelines for this dissertation took form… music as a therapeutic option for children with a disturbance on the autism spectrum… Contemporary occidental society tends to discriminate and avoid people who are considered “abnormal”, that is, people who do not behave according to the accepted standards. From an early age, children with autism spectrum disorder are severally impaired in what regards self-expression and social interaction; Nevertheless, these children can be highly skilled in music and highly capable of performing fine motor movements or even solving complex mathematic calculations. Music, as an integrant part of our culture, influences the dynamic construction of our collective identity. It is a two-way process, that is, music acts upon the very same culture from which it arises .Music is connected to the ‘lived experience’, past or present and therefore it has a particular and different meaning for each person. One might say that music’s meaning is singular, constructed, created and re-created in human relationships and in accordance with one’s experience. Music, which has an undeniable effect on the mind and is therefore constantly applied in relaxation techniques, is very appreciated by autistic children which makes of music therapy the perfect approach to these children. By working with sound, the autistic child is able to develop hearing acuity; by accompanying gestures or dancing the child develops capabilities in the areas of motor coordination and attention; and finally, by singing or imitating sounds the child discovers her own capabilities and learns how to interact with the surrounding world. In order to write this paper the reading of numerous articles was imperative. The bibliographic research was made through relevant medical journals and magazines such as: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal of Autism and other Developmental Disorders, Journal of Autism and other Developmental Disorders, The New England Journal of Medicine, American Academy of Paediatrics, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, British Journal of Disorders of Communication, amongst others. Also, relevant books were consulted.
Along the way I have found two passions, Medicine and Music, and therefore I have chosen to write a dissertation which conjugated both arts. That was how the guidelines for this dissertation took form… music as a therapeutic option for children with a disturbance on the autism spectrum… Contemporary occidental society tends to discriminate and avoid people who are considered “abnormal”, that is, people who do not behave according to the accepted standards. From an early age, children with autism spectrum disorder are severally impaired in what regards self-expression and social interaction; Nevertheless, these children can be highly skilled in music and highly capable of performing fine motor movements or even solving complex mathematic calculations. Music, as an integrant part of our culture, influences the dynamic construction of our collective identity. It is a two-way process, that is, music acts upon the very same culture from which it arises .Music is connected to the ‘lived experience’, past or present and therefore it has a particular and different meaning for each person. One might say that music’s meaning is singular, constructed, created and re-created in human relationships and in accordance with one’s experience. Music, which has an undeniable effect on the mind and is therefore constantly applied in relaxation techniques, is very appreciated by autistic children which makes of music therapy the perfect approach to these children. By working with sound, the autistic child is able to develop hearing acuity; by accompanying gestures or dancing the child develops capabilities in the areas of motor coordination and attention; and finally, by singing or imitating sounds the child discovers her own capabilities and learns how to interact with the surrounding world. In order to write this paper the reading of numerous articles was imperative. The bibliographic research was made through relevant medical journals and magazines such as: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal of Autism and other Developmental Disorders, Journal of Autism and other Developmental Disorders, The New England Journal of Medicine, American Academy of Paediatrics, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, British Journal of Disorders of Communication, amongst others. Also, relevant books were consulted.
Description
Keywords
Musicoterapia Autismo - Crianças - Musicoterapia Autismo - Crianças - Medicina alternativa Autismo - Crianças - Intervenção precoce
Citation
Publisher
Universidade da Beira Interior