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Abstract(s)
Para uma resposta preventiva e de controlo face às doenças respiratórias infeciosas de
elevada taxa de transmissibilidade, é preciso que existam meios de atuação que
permitam a aplicação destas mesmas ações. Para isso, é necessário ter em conta os
equipamentos de proteção individual e coletiva (EPI e EPC), que permitem atuar sobre
a prevenção destas doenças, considerando os estados atuais dos mesmos, mas também
os possíveis desenvolvimentos futuros que podem ser aplicados, de modo a melhorar o
desempenho destes mesmos equipamentos, dando mais segurança aos indivíduos que
os utilizarem. O desenvolvimento de EPI e EPC implica ter em consideração aspetos
importantes a nível social, económico e ambiental, de modo a garantir que os mesmos
têm relevância quanto à sua utilização, não causando adversidades na mesma, garantir
acesso ao maior número de pessoas, controlando os custos dos equipamentos e,
também muito importante, garantir que os equipamentos não causem impactes
ambientais adversos, que posteriormente possam agravar a situação ambiental que se
verifica atualmente.
Após a realização de uma revisão da literatura, numa abordagem metodológica
qualitativa, são apresentados o estado atual e as tendências futuras no desenvolvimento
de EPI e EPC para prevenção e controlo de doenças respiratórias infeciosas de elevada
taxa de transmissão, focando nas facetas segurança, saúde, económica e ambiental.
Estas facetas são analisadas em detalhe para três exemplos de patentes de EPI e EPC,
sendo eles, um escafandro para profissionais de saúde em salas hospitalares com
doentes COVID-19, uma viseira com cortina de ar e um pórtico para desinfeção por
LEDS FAR-UVC de vírus, bactérias, fungos e outros agentes patogénicos. O escafandro
visa colmatar simultaneamente vários problemas detetados, reunindo num único
equipamento especificações técnicas, que de outra forma só se verificaria com o uso de
vários equipamentos ao mesmo tempo; a viseira apresenta características de proteção
que facilitam o uso de proteção adequada para trabalhadores em atividades que exijam
esforço físico e o pórtico permite a desinfeção com o recurso a LEDs Far-UVC, não
comprometendo a saúde e a segurança dos utilizadores.
For a preventive and control response to infectious respiratory diseases with a high rate of transmissibility, it is necessary to have means of action that allow the application of these actions. To this end, it is necessary to take into account the individual and collective protection equipment (PPE and CPE), which allow action on these diseases, considering their current status, but also the possible future developments that can be applied, in order to improve the performance of this equipment, giving more safety to individuals who use them. The development of PPE and CPE implies taking into account important social, economic and environmental aspects, in order to ensure that they are relevant to their use, not causing adversities, guaranteeing access to the largest number of people, controlling equipment costs and, also very importantly, ensuring that the equipment does not cause adverse environmental impacts, which may subsequently worsen the environmental situation that is currently being experienced. After conducting a literature review, in a qualitative methodological approach, the current status and future trends in PPE and CPE development for prevention and control of infectious respiratory diseases with high transmission rate are presented, focusing on safety, health, economic and environmental facets. These facets are analysed in detail for three patent examples of PPE and CPE, being, a scuba for healthcare professionals in hospital rooms with COVID-19 patients, a visor with air curtain and a gantry for Far-UVC LEDs disinfection of viruses, bacteria, fungi and other pathogens. The scuba aims to simultaneously solve several problems detected, bringing together in a single piece of equipment technical specifications that would otherwise only occur with the use of several pieces of equipment at the same time; the visor presents protection characteristics that facilitate the use of adequate protection for workers in activities that require physical effort and the portico allows disinfection using Far-UVC LEDs, without compromising the health and safety of users.
For a preventive and control response to infectious respiratory diseases with a high rate of transmissibility, it is necessary to have means of action that allow the application of these actions. To this end, it is necessary to take into account the individual and collective protection equipment (PPE and CPE), which allow action on these diseases, considering their current status, but also the possible future developments that can be applied, in order to improve the performance of this equipment, giving more safety to individuals who use them. The development of PPE and CPE implies taking into account important social, economic and environmental aspects, in order to ensure that they are relevant to their use, not causing adversities, guaranteeing access to the largest number of people, controlling equipment costs and, also very importantly, ensuring that the equipment does not cause adverse environmental impacts, which may subsequently worsen the environmental situation that is currently being experienced. After conducting a literature review, in a qualitative methodological approach, the current status and future trends in PPE and CPE development for prevention and control of infectious respiratory diseases with high transmission rate are presented, focusing on safety, health, economic and environmental facets. These facets are analysed in detail for three patent examples of PPE and CPE, being, a scuba for healthcare professionals in hospital rooms with COVID-19 patients, a visor with air curtain and a gantry for Far-UVC LEDs disinfection of viruses, bacteria, fungi and other pathogens. The scuba aims to simultaneously solve several problems detected, bringing together in a single piece of equipment technical specifications that would otherwise only occur with the use of several pieces of equipment at the same time; the visor presents protection characteristics that facilitate the use of adequate protection for workers in activities that require physical effort and the portico allows disinfection using Far-UVC LEDs, without compromising the health and safety of users.
Description
Keywords
Doenças Respiratórias Infeciosas Equipamento de Proteção Coletiva Equipamento de Proteção Individual Equipamento de Proteção Respiratória