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Crescer com um irmão que tem Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo: Risco acrescido de psicopatologia?
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA) é uma condição heterogénea do
neurodesenvolvimento que se caracteriza por défices na comunicação e interação em
diferentes contextos, associados a padrões restritivos e repetitivos de comportamento e
atividade. Este quadro clínico pode acarretar múltiplas repercussões no seio da família, em
particular na relação pais-filhos e entre irmãos.
A investigação sobre o impacto familiar de ter uma criança/adolescente com PEA tem
aumentado, mas tem-se focado sobretudo na perspetiva dos cuidadores. Não obstante,
crescer com um irmão que tenha PEA pode trazer desafios.
Objetivos: Identificar os principais desafios que os irmãos de crianças com PEA enfrentam
no seu crescimento, nomeadamente do ponto de vista do neurodesenvolvimento e impacto
psicoafectivo, e apurar se esta população tem um risco acrescido de desenvolver
psicopatologia.
Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed,
Tripdatabase, Jama. Foram selecionados artigos entre janeiro de 2014 e março de 2024,
que avaliassem o impacto psicoafetivo da convivência com um irmão com PEA, em crianças
ou adolescentes. Nesta Revisão Sistemática foi utilizada a metodologia PRISMA. A análise
da qualidade dos artigos foi realizada com a ferramenta Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Resultados: Crianças e adolescentes com um irmão com PEA constituem um grupo de
risco que merece especial atenção clínica. De um modo geral, foram identificados maiores
níveis de ansiedade e stress nestas crianças, bem como sintomas depressivos. Pais e
cuidadores reportaram igualmente a presença de comportamentos impulsivos, traços de
hiperatividade e desatenção. Foram ainda identificados padrões atípicos do
neurodesenvolvimento em algumas destas crianças, nomeadamente atrasos de linguagem
e atrasos de desenvolvimento global.
Conclusões: Não se pode estabelecer com exatidão uma relação entre a convivência com
um irmão com PEA e o impacto no desenvolvimento psicoafetivo da população em estudo.
Contudo, é importante não negligenciar as evidências encontradas e vigiar estas crianças,
de forma a intervir precocemente quando surgem dificuldades.
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in communication and interaction across different contexts, combined with restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior and activity. This clinical profile can have multiple repercussions within the family, particularly on parentchild and sibling relationships. Research on the familial impact of having a child/adolescent with ASD has increased but has primarily focused on the caregivers' perspective. Nonetheless, growing up with a sibling with ASD can pose unique challenges. Objectives: To identify the main challenges faced by siblings of children with ASD during their development, particularly from the standpoint of neurodevelopment and psychoaffective impact, and to determine whether this population has an increased risk of developing psychopathology. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Tripdatabase, and JAMA databases. Articles published between January 2014 and March 2024 that evaluated the psychoaffective impact of living with a sibling with ASD on children or adolescents were selected. The PRISMA methodology was applied in this systematic review. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool. Results: Children and adolescents with a sibling with ASD represent a risk group that warrants special clinical attention. Overall, higher levels of anxiety and stress were identified in these children, along with depressive symptoms. Parents and caregivers also reported the presence of impulsive behaviors, hyperactivity traits, and inattention. Additionally, atypical neurodevelopmental patterns were identified in some of these children, such as language delays and global developmental delays. Conclusions: It is not possible to establish a precise relationship between living with a sibling with ASD and its impact on the psychoaffective development of the studied population. However, it is important not to overlook the evidence found and to monitor these children to enable early intervention should difficulties arise.
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in communication and interaction across different contexts, combined with restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior and activity. This clinical profile can have multiple repercussions within the family, particularly on parentchild and sibling relationships. Research on the familial impact of having a child/adolescent with ASD has increased but has primarily focused on the caregivers' perspective. Nonetheless, growing up with a sibling with ASD can pose unique challenges. Objectives: To identify the main challenges faced by siblings of children with ASD during their development, particularly from the standpoint of neurodevelopment and psychoaffective impact, and to determine whether this population has an increased risk of developing psychopathology. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Tripdatabase, and JAMA databases. Articles published between January 2014 and March 2024 that evaluated the psychoaffective impact of living with a sibling with ASD on children or adolescents were selected. The PRISMA methodology was applied in this systematic review. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool. Results: Children and adolescents with a sibling with ASD represent a risk group that warrants special clinical attention. Overall, higher levels of anxiety and stress were identified in these children, along with depressive symptoms. Parents and caregivers also reported the presence of impulsive behaviors, hyperactivity traits, and inattention. Additionally, atypical neurodevelopmental patterns were identified in some of these children, such as language delays and global developmental delays. Conclusions: It is not possible to establish a precise relationship between living with a sibling with ASD and its impact on the psychoaffective development of the studied population. However, it is important not to overlook the evidence found and to monitor these children to enable early intervention should difficulties arise.
Description
Keywords
Irmãos Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (Pea) Psicopatologia