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Abstract(s)
A presente tese teve como objetivo uma melhor compreensão do efeito da idade na variação do
espaço de jogo dos jogadores e implicações para a manipulação das tarefas de treino. Para isso,
procurámos em primeiro lugar, através de uma revisão sistemática descrever e analisar
sistematicamente os sistemas de rastreamento, as variáveis e os métodos estatísticos usados para
avaliar o comportamento tático de jogadores e equipas nos jogos reduzidos condicionados (JRC);
em segundo lugar descrever a área individual por jogador, de acordo com a idade, relações
numéricas e a zona do campo no futebol de formação (sub 15, sub 17 e sub 19), e posteriormente
caracterizar os padrões de passe que suportam o comportamento tático coletivo nos jogadores de
futebol de diferentes idades (sub 15, sub 17 e sub 19) nas diferentes zonas do campo. Os resultados
do primeiro estudo, revelaram que os GPS são os sistemas de rastreamento mais utilizados para
avaliar o comportamento tático através de diferentes métricas espaciais que derivam do
posicionamento dos jogadores. Os resultados do segundo estudo mostraram, em todas as relações
numéricas, que as áreas de jogo foram superiores nas zonas próximas das balizas e no escalão sub
15. Outro dado interessante, as diferenças tiveram maior expressão entre escalões etários quando as
relações numéricas incluíram dez ou mais jogadores. No terceiro estudo, os resultados revelaram
que os passes médios foram mais utilizados nas zonas próximas das balizas e os passes curtos na
zona média do campo em todas as idades. A análise da distância relativa entre o portador da bola e
o receptor indicou que os jogadores mais velhos (sub 17 e sub 19) utilizaram jogadores mais
distantes para passar a bola nos passes médios e longos. Em suma, a presente tese contribuiu para
aumentar o conhecimento do comportamento tático individual e colectivo do jogo no futebol jovem
para auxiliar os treinadores a desenhar os jogos reduzidos condicionados de acordo com o
ambiente competitivo.
The present thesis aimed to achieve a better understanding of the effect of age on the variation of players' playing space and implications for the manipulation of training tasks. For this, we sought, first, through a systematic review, to describe and systematically analyze the tracking systems, variables and statistical methods used to evaluate the tactical behavior of players and teams in the small-sided conditioned games (SSCGs); secondly, we intended to describe the individual area per player, according to age, numerical relationships and the field area in youth football (under 15, under 17 and under 19) and, later, characterize the passing patterns that support the collective tactical behavior in soccer players of different ages (under 15, under 17 and under 19), in different areas of the field. The results of the first study revealed that GPS are the most used tracking systems to evaluate tactical behavior, through different spatial metrics that derive from the positioning of players. The results of the second study showed, in all numerical relationships, that the playing areas were larger in the areas close to the goals and in the under 15 level. Another interesting fact is the fact that the differences were more expressive between age groups when the numerical relationships included ten or more players. In the third study, the results revealed that the medium passes were more used in the areas close to the goals, and the short passes in the medium area of the field, in all ages. The analysis of the relative distance between the ball carrier and the receiver indicated that the older players (under 17 and under 19) used more distant players to pass the ball, in medium and long passes. In short, the present thesis contributed to increase the knowledge of the individual and collective tactical behavior of the game in youth football, in order to help coaches to design small-sided conditioned games according to the competitive environment.
The present thesis aimed to achieve a better understanding of the effect of age on the variation of players' playing space and implications for the manipulation of training tasks. For this, we sought, first, through a systematic review, to describe and systematically analyze the tracking systems, variables and statistical methods used to evaluate the tactical behavior of players and teams in the small-sided conditioned games (SSCGs); secondly, we intended to describe the individual area per player, according to age, numerical relationships and the field area in youth football (under 15, under 17 and under 19) and, later, characterize the passing patterns that support the collective tactical behavior in soccer players of different ages (under 15, under 17 and under 19), in different areas of the field. The results of the first study revealed that GPS are the most used tracking systems to evaluate tactical behavior, through different spatial metrics that derive from the positioning of players. The results of the second study showed, in all numerical relationships, that the playing areas were larger in the areas close to the goals and in the under 15 level. Another interesting fact is the fact that the differences were more expressive between age groups when the numerical relationships included ten or more players. In the third study, the results revealed that the medium passes were more used in the areas close to the goals, and the short passes in the medium area of the field, in all ages. The analysis of the relative distance between the ball carrier and the receiver indicated that the older players (under 17 and under 19) used more distant players to pass the ball, in medium and long passes. In short, the present thesis contributed to increase the knowledge of the individual and collective tactical behavior of the game in youth football, in order to help coaches to design small-sided conditioned games according to the competitive environment.
Description
Keywords
Futebol jovem Jogos reduzidos condicionados Comportamento tático Variáveis posicionais Sistemas de rastreamento Zonas do campo Áreas de jogo Relações numéricas Passes