| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.58 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A idade é o principal fator de risco para as doenças crónicas, como o cancro, as doenças
cerebrocardiovasculares e as doenças neurodegenerativas. Existe um défice cognitivo com
a idade condicionado por vários fatores: redes neuronais, reserva cognitiva prévia, fatores
genéticos, fatores anatomopatológicos, fatores vasculares, entre outros. Recentemente,
surgiram estudos com novas estratégias para prevenir doenças relacionadas com a idade.
O principal objetivo desta monografia é descrever e analisar o envelhecimento cerebral,
assim como os mecanismos com potencial de interferir no mesmo. É necessária uma
melhor compreensão da base biológica do envelhecimento e de como o envelhecimento
incrementa o risco de doenças, procurando mecanismos de prevenção. A metodologia
usada neste trabalho foi a pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed e Google
Scholar. Foram também consultados alguns livros de referência. Na pesquisa utilizaram-se
estas palavras-chave: “aging” associada a “brain”, “decline”, “cognitive”,
“neurodegeneration”, “rejuvenation”, “model” and “organism”.
O envelhecimento produz alterações no sistema nervoso central, como alterações
neuroanatómicas, alterações na neurotransmissão e alterações neurofisiológicas. As
doenças mais relevantes associadas ao envelhecimento cerebral são: doença de Alzheimer,
doença de Parkinson e acidente vascular cerebral. São recomendadas estratégias
preventivas: incentivar a educação, aumentar as atividades intelectuais e de lazer, boa
higiene do sono, alimentação saudável, prática regular de exercício físico, evitar
traumatismos cranianos e modificar os fatores de risco vascular. Novas abordagens têm
sido investigadas: miméticos da restrição calórica; terapia celular com células estaminais;
terapia genética e epigenética. Resultados concretos têm sido alcançados em modelos
animais. O grande desafio é replicar os resultados em humanos.
Age is the main risk factor for chronic diseases, such as cancer, cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. There is a cognitive deficit with age conditioned by several factors: neuronal networks, cognitive reserve, genetic factors, anatomopathological factors, vascular factors, among others. Recently, studies have emerged with new strategies to prevent age-related diseases. The main objective of this monograph is to describe and analyze the aging brain as well as the mechanisms with potential to interfere with it. A better understanding of the biological basis of aging and how aging increases the risk of disease is necessary, looking for prevention mechanisms. The methodology used in this work was the bibliographic research in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Some reference books were also consulted. In the research, these keywords were used: "aging" associated with "brain", "decline", "cognitive", "neurodegeneration", "rejuvenation", "model" and "organism". Aging produces changes in the central nervous system, such as neuroanatomical changes, changes in neurotransmission and neurophysiological changes. The most relevant diseases associated with the aging brain are: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. Preventive strategies are recommended: encouraging education, increasing intellectual and leisure activities, good sleep hygiene, healthy diet, regular physical exercise, avoiding head injuries and modifying vascular risk factors. New approaches have been investigated: calorie restriction mimetics; cell therapy with stem cells; gene and epigenetic therapy. Concrete results have been achieved in animal models. The big challenge is to replicate the results in humans.
Age is the main risk factor for chronic diseases, such as cancer, cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. There is a cognitive deficit with age conditioned by several factors: neuronal networks, cognitive reserve, genetic factors, anatomopathological factors, vascular factors, among others. Recently, studies have emerged with new strategies to prevent age-related diseases. The main objective of this monograph is to describe and analyze the aging brain as well as the mechanisms with potential to interfere with it. A better understanding of the biological basis of aging and how aging increases the risk of disease is necessary, looking for prevention mechanisms. The methodology used in this work was the bibliographic research in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Some reference books were also consulted. In the research, these keywords were used: "aging" associated with "brain", "decline", "cognitive", "neurodegeneration", "rejuvenation", "model" and "organism". Aging produces changes in the central nervous system, such as neuroanatomical changes, changes in neurotransmission and neurophysiological changes. The most relevant diseases associated with the aging brain are: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. Preventive strategies are recommended: encouraging education, increasing intellectual and leisure activities, good sleep hygiene, healthy diet, regular physical exercise, avoiding head injuries and modifying vascular risk factors. New approaches have been investigated: calorie restriction mimetics; cell therapy with stem cells; gene and epigenetic therapy. Concrete results have been achieved in animal models. The big challenge is to replicate the results in humans.
Description
Keywords
Declínio Cognitivo Envelhecimento Neurodegeneração Neurorregeneração Prevenção