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Foi realizado um estágio na Federação Portuguesa de Natação no âmbito do treino desportivo, mais particularmente na modalidade de natação pura desportiva. Com este estágio pretendemos aprofundar o conhecimento de novas técnicas de avaliação e controlo do treino em nadadores de alto rendimento, procedendo à recolha e análise de dados realizados de forma regular, contribuindo não só para o apoio ao seu desenvolvimento e evolução, mas também contribuindo para o estímulo da investigação científica. Assim foi possível usufruir do conhecimento de avaliação e controlo do treino em nadadores de alto rendimento, a partir da recolha e análise dos dados realizados com testes experimentais no terreno. Para além das tarefas inerentes à programação e implementação dos testes de avaliação e controlo do treino, aplicados aos nadadores de elevado nível, foi levado a cabo um estudo experimental. Neste, objetivou-se caracterizar e comparar características antropométricas (altura, peso, índice de massa corporal, envergadura e índice de envergadura/altura) e a força muscular explosiva dos membros superiores e inferiores (teste de lançamento da bola medicinal de 3kg e salto horizontal) em nadadores de alto nível do escalão juvenil A e juvenil B. Assim, foi determinado a relação entre características antropométricas, força muscular e rendimento de nado nos 50 metros livre (analisando a frequência gestual, distância de ciclo e índice de nado), percebendo as variáveis determinantes no rendimento dos nadadores. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que juvenis A possuem altura, massa corporal e envergadura superior aos juvenis B, juntamente com as variáveis de força, que foram superiores nos nadadores juvenis A. Em relação ao rendimento, os resultados obtidos provaram que nadadores mais velhos foram mais rápidos no nado de 50 metros livre, e não havendo diferenças no padrão biomecânico de nado, comparado aos juvenis B. Dessa forma concluímos que os nadadores juvenis A possuem valores antropométricos e rendimento de força muscular superiores, obtendo relações lineares entre o rendimento e o lançamento da bola medicinal e o salto horizontal, provando que a força explosiva dos membros superiores e inferiores têm elevada importância para o rendimento de nadadores.
An internship in the Portuguese Swimming Federation was carried out in the field of sports training, more particularly in the form of pure sports swimming. With this stage we intend to deepen the knowledge of new techniques of evaluation and control of the training in high-performance swimmers, proceeding to the collection and analysis of data performed on a regular basis, contributing not only to support their development and evolution, but also contributing to the stimulation of scientific research. Thus, it was possible to benefit from the knowledge of evaluation and control of the training in high performance swimmers, from the collection and analysis of the data performed with experimental tests in the field. In addition to the tasks inherent to the programming and implementation of the training evaluation and control tests applied to high level swimmers, an experimental study was carried out. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, body mass index, wingspan and height / height index) and upper and lower explosive muscle strength (3kg medical ball throw test and horizontal jump ) in high-level swimmers of juvenile A and juvenile B. Thus, the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, muscular strength and swim performance in the free 50 meters (analyzing the gestural frequency, cycle distance and swim index) was determined, the determining variables in swimmers' performance. The results showed that juveniles A had height, body mass and wingspan higher than juveniles B, together with strength variables, which were higher in juvenile A swimmers. In relation to yield, the results obtained proved that older swimmers were faster in the 50-meter freestyle, and there were no differences in the biomechanical swimming pattern compared to juveniles B. In this way, we conclude that the juvenile swimmers A have higher anthropometric values and muscular strength yield, obtaining linear relationships between the performance and the launch of the medicinal ball and horizontal jumping, proving that the explosive force of the upper and lower limbs are of high importance for the performance of swimmers.
An internship in the Portuguese Swimming Federation was carried out in the field of sports training, more particularly in the form of pure sports swimming. With this stage we intend to deepen the knowledge of new techniques of evaluation and control of the training in high-performance swimmers, proceeding to the collection and analysis of data performed on a regular basis, contributing not only to support their development and evolution, but also contributing to the stimulation of scientific research. Thus, it was possible to benefit from the knowledge of evaluation and control of the training in high performance swimmers, from the collection and analysis of the data performed with experimental tests in the field. In addition to the tasks inherent to the programming and implementation of the training evaluation and control tests applied to high level swimmers, an experimental study was carried out. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, body mass index, wingspan and height / height index) and upper and lower explosive muscle strength (3kg medical ball throw test and horizontal jump ) in high-level swimmers of juvenile A and juvenile B. Thus, the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, muscular strength and swim performance in the free 50 meters (analyzing the gestural frequency, cycle distance and swim index) was determined, the determining variables in swimmers' performance. The results showed that juveniles A had height, body mass and wingspan higher than juveniles B, together with strength variables, which were higher in juvenile A swimmers. In relation to yield, the results obtained proved that older swimmers were faster in the 50-meter freestyle, and there were no differences in the biomechanical swimming pattern compared to juveniles B. In this way, we conclude that the juvenile swimmers A have higher anthropometric values and muscular strength yield, obtaining linear relationships between the performance and the launch of the medicinal ball and horizontal jumping, proving that the explosive force of the upper and lower limbs are of high importance for the performance of swimmers.
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Keywords
Características Antropométricas Força Muscular Explosiva Rendimento de Nado