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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O consumo de tabaco, sendo a principal causa evitável de doença e de morte, tem um impacto pesado na sociedade, especialmente na saúde e economia. Afeta qualquer grupo socioeconómico mundialmente e tem uma tendência crescente, especialmente entre os grupos populacionais mais desfavorecidos.
O tabagismo é um fenómeno multifacetado, de caráter cultural, social, económico e comportamental e não pode ser encarado como uma opção individual de cada cidadão. Pelo contrário, a sua prevenção e controlo requerem uma abordagem global, centrada na prevenção da iniciação do consumo, na promoção da cessação e na proteção contra a exposição ao fumo passivo.
De forma a tentar conter esta pandemia, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) elaborou a Convenção Quadro para o Controlo do Tabagismo, um compromisso para prevenir e controlar o consumo de tabaco; de forma a promover a adequada implementação deste tratado, a OMS identificou seis estratégias definidas pelo acrónimo MPOWER. Na Europa, Joossens e Raw criaram ainda a Escala de Controlo de Tabaco que mede a implementação destas medidas e compara os rankings dos países europeus.
Concretizar as medidas acordadas com esta Convenção impõe um esforço coletivo de coordenação e cooperação, mas muitas evidências mostram já os resultados do seu impacto. Apesar disto, o número de mortes evitadas está longe do idealizado pela Convenção, pelo que o investimento que está a ser feito está ainda longe de estar concluído.
Tobacco consumption, being the leading preventable cause of disease and death, has a heavy impact on society, especially on health and economy. It reaches any socioeconomic group worldwide and has a growing tendency, especially among disadvantaged population groups. Smoking is a multifaceted phenomenon, of cultural, social, economic and behavioral nature and cannot be seen as an individual choice of each citizen. On the contrary, its prevention and control require a comprehensive approach, focused on prevention of initiation of consumption, promotion of cessation and protection from exposure to passive smoke. In order to try to contain the pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a commitment to prevent and control tobacco use; in order to promote the proper implementation of this treaty, the WHO has identified six strategies defined as the acronym MPOWER. In Europe, Joossens and Raw also created the Tobacco Control Scale that measures the implementation of these measures and compares the rankings of European countries. Implement the measures agreed with this Convention requires a collective effort of coordination and cooperation, but many evidences show already the results of its impact. Nevertheless, the number of avoided deaths is far from the one idealized by the Convention, so the investment being made is still far from complete.
Tobacco consumption, being the leading preventable cause of disease and death, has a heavy impact on society, especially on health and economy. It reaches any socioeconomic group worldwide and has a growing tendency, especially among disadvantaged population groups. Smoking is a multifaceted phenomenon, of cultural, social, economic and behavioral nature and cannot be seen as an individual choice of each citizen. On the contrary, its prevention and control require a comprehensive approach, focused on prevention of initiation of consumption, promotion of cessation and protection from exposure to passive smoke. In order to try to contain the pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a commitment to prevent and control tobacco use; in order to promote the proper implementation of this treaty, the WHO has identified six strategies defined as the acronym MPOWER. In Europe, Joossens and Raw also created the Tobacco Control Scale that measures the implementation of these measures and compares the rankings of European countries. Implement the measures agreed with this Convention requires a collective effort of coordination and cooperation, but many evidences show already the results of its impact. Nevertheless, the number of avoided deaths is far from the one idealized by the Convention, so the investment being made is still far from complete.
Description
Keywords
Convenção Quadro Escala de Controlo de Tabaco Mpower Políticas de Controlo de Tabagismo Portugal