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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação propõe uma investigação sobre a construção da masculinidade heroica na obra de João Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967), com foco na recriação simbólica de arquétipos clássicos, especialmente os da epopeia grega. A partir da análise de personagens masculinos como Riobaldo, Diadorim, Hermógenes e Zé Bebelo, presentes em Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956), Sagarana (1946) e Primeiras Estórias (1962), busca-se compreender de que modo Rosa reelabora, a partir do sertão brasileiro, figuras heroicas que dialogam com modelos como Aquiles, Ulisses, Agamémnon, Ájax e Pátroclo. Longe de constituírem tipos locais ou apenas representações históricas do jagunço, estes personagens são tratados como figuras simbólicas, existenciais e trágicas, cujas trajetórias ecoam as grandes estruturas do mito. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa parte de uma abordagem comparativista e interdisciplinar, que articula literatura brasileira, mitologia clássica, psicanálise arquetípica e estudos de género. O conceito de arquétipo, desenvolvido por Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), é fundamental para a leitura simbólica dos personagens, bem como as reflexões de Joseph Campbell (1904-1987) sobre a jornada do herói e de Mircea Eliade sobre a função do mito no imaginário coletivo. Além disso, a leitura direta dos cadernos de estudo de Guimarães Rosa, especialmente aquele intitulado Dante (1265-1321), Homero, La Fontaine, e os registos do Diário em Paris, evidenciam o contacto consciente do autor com a epopeia de Homero, cujas traduções e reflexões o acompanharam no processo de criação das suas principais obras. A dissertação está organizada em quatro capítulos principais. O primeiro traça o percurso teórico dos conceitos de herói, arquétipo, jornada e tragédia, com base em autores como Aristóteles, Jung, Campbell, Butler e Vernant. O segundo capítulo examina a masculinidade nas obras rosianas, entendendo o jagunço como uma figura que articula força, sensibilidade, honra e silêncio. O terceiro capítulo opera uma leitura comparada entre os personagens de Rosa e os heróis da Ilíada e da Odisseia, destacando as ressonâncias entre a travessia de Riobaldo e a errância de Ulisses, o sacrifício de Diadorim e o pathos trágico de Aquiles, entre outros paralelos simbólicos. O quarto capítulo aprofunda o aspeto simbólico e psicanalítico da masculinidade rosiana, mostrando de que modo o herói sertanejo opera uma síntese cultural entre o épico clássico e a ética moderna. Conclui-se que Guimarães Rosa constrói, por meio da linguagem e da ambiguidade narrativa, um “universo sertanejo” que ressignifica os modelos heroicos da Antiguidade, transformando o sertão em palco de questões universais sobre destino, honra, amor, dúvida e sacrifício. A dissertação oferece, assim, uma contribuição para os estudos literários ao demonstrar como a literatura rosiana ultrapassa o regionalismo, incorporando e reinventando os mitos fundadores da cultura ocidental.
This dissertation proposes an investigation into the construction of heroic masculinity in the work of João Guimarães Rosa (1908–1967), focusing on the symbolic recreation of classical archetypes, especially those from Greek epic. Through the analysis of male characters such as Riobaldo, Diadorim, Hermógenes, and Zé Bebelo, as found in Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956), Sagarana (1946), and Primeiras Estórias (1962), the study seeks to understand how Rosa reworks, from the Brazilian sertão, heroic figures that dialogue with models such as Achilles, Odysseus, Agamémnon, Ajax, and Patroclus. Far from being merely local types or historical representations of the jagunço, these characters are treated as symbolic, existential, and tragic figures whose trajectories echo the major structures of myth. The theoretical foundation of the research follows a comparative and interdisciplinary approach, combining Brazilian literature, classical mythology, archetypal psychoanalysis, and gender studies. The concept of the archetype, developed by Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961), is central to the symbolic reading of the characters, as are the reflections of Joseph Campbell (1904–1987) on the hero’s journey and Mircea Eliade’s theories on the function of myth in the collective imagination. In addition, a direct reading of Guimarães Rosa’s notebooks — especially the one entitled Dante (1265–1321), Homer, La Fontaine, along with the Paris Diary — reveals the author's conscious engagement with Homeric epics, whose translations and commentaries accompanied him in the creative process of his major works. The dissertation is structured into four main chapters. The first outlines the theoretical trajectory of the concepts of hero, archetype, journey, and tragedy, drawing on authors such as Aristotle, Jung, Campbell, Butler, and Vernant. The second chapter examines masculinity in Rosa’s works, considering the jagunço as a figure that articulates strength, sensitivity, honor, and silence. The third chapter presents a comparative reading between Rosa’s characters and the heroes of the Iliad and the Odyssey, highlighting symbolic parallels such as Riobaldo’s crossing and Odysseus’ wandering, Diadorim’s sacrifice and Achilles’ tragic pathos, among others. The fourth chapter deepens the symbolic and psychoanalytic dimension of Rosa’s masculinity, showing how the sertanejo hero operates as a cultural synthesis between classical epic and modern ethics. The dissertation concludes that Guimarães Rosa constructs, through language and narrative ambiguity, a “sertanejo pantheon” that re-signifies the heroic models of Antiquity, transforming the sertão into a stage for universal questions of fate, honor, love, doubt, and sacrifice. Thus, the study offers a contribution to literary scholarship by demonstrating how Rosa’s literature transcends regionalism, incorporating and reinventing the founding myths of Western culture.
This dissertation proposes an investigation into the construction of heroic masculinity in the work of João Guimarães Rosa (1908–1967), focusing on the symbolic recreation of classical archetypes, especially those from Greek epic. Through the analysis of male characters such as Riobaldo, Diadorim, Hermógenes, and Zé Bebelo, as found in Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956), Sagarana (1946), and Primeiras Estórias (1962), the study seeks to understand how Rosa reworks, from the Brazilian sertão, heroic figures that dialogue with models such as Achilles, Odysseus, Agamémnon, Ajax, and Patroclus. Far from being merely local types or historical representations of the jagunço, these characters are treated as symbolic, existential, and tragic figures whose trajectories echo the major structures of myth. The theoretical foundation of the research follows a comparative and interdisciplinary approach, combining Brazilian literature, classical mythology, archetypal psychoanalysis, and gender studies. The concept of the archetype, developed by Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961), is central to the symbolic reading of the characters, as are the reflections of Joseph Campbell (1904–1987) on the hero’s journey and Mircea Eliade’s theories on the function of myth in the collective imagination. In addition, a direct reading of Guimarães Rosa’s notebooks — especially the one entitled Dante (1265–1321), Homer, La Fontaine, along with the Paris Diary — reveals the author's conscious engagement with Homeric epics, whose translations and commentaries accompanied him in the creative process of his major works. The dissertation is structured into four main chapters. The first outlines the theoretical trajectory of the concepts of hero, archetype, journey, and tragedy, drawing on authors such as Aristotle, Jung, Campbell, Butler, and Vernant. The second chapter examines masculinity in Rosa’s works, considering the jagunço as a figure that articulates strength, sensitivity, honor, and silence. The third chapter presents a comparative reading between Rosa’s characters and the heroes of the Iliad and the Odyssey, highlighting symbolic parallels such as Riobaldo’s crossing and Odysseus’ wandering, Diadorim’s sacrifice and Achilles’ tragic pathos, among others. The fourth chapter deepens the symbolic and psychoanalytic dimension of Rosa’s masculinity, showing how the sertanejo hero operates as a cultural synthesis between classical epic and modern ethics. The dissertation concludes that Guimarães Rosa constructs, through language and narrative ambiguity, a “sertanejo pantheon” that re-signifies the heroic models of Antiquity, transforming the sertão into a stage for universal questions of fate, honor, love, doubt, and sacrifice. Thus, the study offers a contribution to literary scholarship by demonstrating how Rosa’s literature transcends regionalism, incorporating and reinventing the founding myths of Western culture.
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Keywords
Guimarães Rosa Homero Jornada do Herói Travessia.