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Abstract(s)
As doenças sistémicas definem-se pela capacidade de envolver o organismo como um todo
constituindo um grupo heterogéneo. Com padrão variável consoante a etiologia, são múltiplas
as que se podem manifestar ao nível do aparelho otorrinolaringológico e, mais concretamente,
nas cavidades nasais e seios perinasais através de sinais e sintomas diversificados. Apesar dos
recentes avanços científicos verificados nas áreas diagnóstica e terapêutica, doenças
sistémicas com repercussões nasossinusais permanecem ainda pouco investigadas. As
manifestações nasossinusais são invariavelmente inespecíficas e comuns na prática clínica
sobrepondo-se a processos benignos habituais das vias respiratórias superiores. Neste
contexto, o reconhecimento precoce, através de diagnóstico diferencial adequado, e
instituição precoce de tratamento são fundamentais dado que podem constituir a primeira
apresentação de doença sistémica subjacente. Pela diversidade de formas de apresentação
sob as quais podem surgir, bem como potencial progressão severa, a colaboração
interdisciplinar reveste-se da maior importância na prevenção de complicações e recidivas.
A presente dissertação, apoiada em revisão bibliográfica específica, tem como objectivo
colocar o enfoque em manifestações nasosinusais no sentido de contribuir para um melhor
conhecimento e organização das etiologias inerentes. Pretende clarificar linhas orientadoras
de diagnóstico e tratamento pré-existentes tornando-as simultaneamente mais precisas
através da integração de novos dados auxiliares da prática clínica. Propõe, por fim, um
esquema simplificado de abordagem da doença nasossinusal a aplicar sempre que a mesma
suscite dúvidas diagnósticas.
Systemic diseases are defined by the involvement of different parts of, or even the whole body. Furthermore, they comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders, meaning that each of these diseases manifests in a very specific and unexpected way. Nose and paranasal sinuses frequently occur in association with many systemic diseases presenting through multiple signs and symptoms. Despite the fact that several scientific advances have been recently made concerning diagnostic and therapeutic methods, sinonasal manifestations of systemic diseases continue to be overlooked. Symptoms are usually non-specific and common in the clinical practice, overlapping benign diseases of the upper airways and resulting in great diagnostic challenges. Therefore, early recognition through differential diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic procedures, is crucial in order to prevent major complications. Since sinonasal manifestations may be the first presentation of underlying illness, their knowledge in clinical practice is of the utmost importance and should, in all circumstances, involve a multidisciplinary approach. This dissertation, supported by specific bibliographic review, has as a main goal to put emphasis on sinonasal manifestations in order to contribute to a better understanding and organization of the inherent etiologies. It aims to clarify guidelines for diagnosis and preexisting treatment by making them more accurate through the integration of new data. Finally, it proposes a simplified approach to the sinonasal disease to be applied whenever diagnostic doubts arise.
Systemic diseases are defined by the involvement of different parts of, or even the whole body. Furthermore, they comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders, meaning that each of these diseases manifests in a very specific and unexpected way. Nose and paranasal sinuses frequently occur in association with many systemic diseases presenting through multiple signs and symptoms. Despite the fact that several scientific advances have been recently made concerning diagnostic and therapeutic methods, sinonasal manifestations of systemic diseases continue to be overlooked. Symptoms are usually non-specific and common in the clinical practice, overlapping benign diseases of the upper airways and resulting in great diagnostic challenges. Therefore, early recognition through differential diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic procedures, is crucial in order to prevent major complications. Since sinonasal manifestations may be the first presentation of underlying illness, their knowledge in clinical practice is of the utmost importance and should, in all circumstances, involve a multidisciplinary approach. This dissertation, supported by specific bibliographic review, has as a main goal to put emphasis on sinonasal manifestations in order to contribute to a better understanding and organization of the inherent etiologies. It aims to clarify guidelines for diagnosis and preexisting treatment by making them more accurate through the integration of new data. Finally, it proposes a simplified approach to the sinonasal disease to be applied whenever diagnostic doubts arise.
Description
Keywords
Cavidade Nasal Manifestações e Doenças Sistémicas. Nariz Seios Paranasais