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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O aumento da esperança média de vida tem vindo a determinar
um envelhecimento populacional e com este surgiu um aumento da incidência de
doenças relacionadas com a velhice, como é exemplo a demência. As principais
causas de disfunção cognitiva são a DA, a DVS e a demência mista. Vários estudos
afirmam que a presença e a progressão das várias demências se relacionam com
alterações características do registo EEG. Assim, o objectivo deste trabalho é
verificar de que forma a EEG é importante no diagnóstico diferencial de demência
e avaliar se existem alterações EEG específicas de cada tipo de demência e a sua
relação com o grau de severidade das mesmas.
Materiais e métodos: Analisou-se o registo EEG de 45 pacientes
diagnosticados com disfunção cognitiva. Procedeu-se à correlação entre as
conclusões EEG, o tipo de demência (n=33) e o resultado da CDR e compararam-se
os resultados com uma população controle (n=13) sem disfunção cognitiva. Para o
tratamento estatístico recorreu-se ao SPSS Statistics 17.0® para Microsoft
Windows®.
Resultados: Para a amostra de 33 pacientes (69,7% do sexo feminino), com
uma idade média de 76.97 anos, na qual 13 pacientes apresentavam DA, 18
apresentavam DVS e 2 apresentavam demência mista, verificou-se que 15 (45,4%)
pacientes apresentavam uma frequência do ritmo dominante posterior <8 Hz e os
restantes 18 (54,5%) apresentaram frequência !8 Hz (actividade alfa). Nenhum
paciente apresentou actividade paroxística. 21 (63,6%) pacientes manifestaram presença de actividade lenta, sendo que treze destes manifestaram
predominantemente actividade delta e oito manifestaram actividade teta.
Dos 21 pacientes dementes que realizaram avaliação por CDR, seis (28.6%)
obtiveram CDR"1 e quinze (71.4%) obtiveram CDR>1 (9 pacientes apresentaram
CDR=2 e os restantes 6 apresentaram CDR=3).
Na população controle de 13 pacientes (76,9% do sexo feminino) com
idade média de 76,4 anos, verificou-se que 12 (92,3%) pacientes apresentavam
uma frequência do ritmo dominante posterior !8 Hz e apenas 1 paciente
apresentava uma frequência <8 Hz. Três pacientes manifestaram actividade lenta
da frequência de delta e dois manifestaram actividade teta. Nenhum paciente
apresentou actividade paroxística.
Constatou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a presença
ou ausência de demência e a frequência do ritmo dominante posterior (#2=5,863;
p=0,015; teste de Fischer com p=0,018), com 15 pacientes com demência vs 1 sem
demência a apresentaram uma frequência <8 Hz.
Conclusão: Verifica-se que a presença de demência se relaciona de uma
forma geral com a lentificação do registo EEG, traduzida por uma frequência do
ritmo dominante posterior <8 Hz (actividade delta e teta) e por diminuição da
actividade alfa.
Introduction: Increased life expectancy has determined an aging population and with this came an increased incidence of diseases related to aging, such as dementia. The main causes of cognitive impairment are the DA, the DVS and mixed dementia. Several studies claim that the presence and progression of various dementias are related to changes in characteristics of the EEG recording. Thus, the aim of this work is to check how the EEG is important in the differential diagnosis of dementia and to evaluate whether EEG changes are specific to each type of dementia and its relationship to their severity. Materials and methods: We analyzed the EEG recording of 45 patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment. Proceeded to the correlation between the EEG findings, type of dementia (n=33) and the result of the CDR and compared the results with a control population (n=13) with no cognitive impairment. For statistical analysis we used SPSS Statistics 17.0 for Microsoft ® Windows ®. Results: For the 33 patient sample (69.7% female) with a mean age of 76.97 yrs , in which 13 patients had AD, 18 had DVS and 2 had mixed dementia, 15 (45.4% ) of these patients had a posterior dominant rhythm frequency <8 Hz and the remaining 18 (54.5%) had a frequency ≥ 8 Hz (alpha activity). No patient had paroxysmal activity. 21 (63.6%) patients showed the presence of slow activity, thirteen of these showed predominantly delta activity and eight showed theta activity. Of the 21 demented patients who were assessed by CDR, six (28.6%) had CDR ≤ 1 and fifteen (71.4%) had a CDR> 1 (nine patients had CDR=2 and the remaining six had CDR=3). In the 13 patient control population (76.9% female) with a mean age of 76.4 yrs, 12 (92.3%) patients had a posterior dominant rhythm frequency ≥8 Hz and only one patient had a frequency <8 Hz. Three patients showed slow activity in the delta frequency and two had theta activity. No patient had paroxysmal activity. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence or absence of dementia and frequency of the dominant posterior rhythm (χ2=5,863; p=0,015; Fischer’s p=0,018), with 15 patients with dementia versus 1 without dementia, showing a frequency <8 Hz. Conclusion: The presence of dementia correlates with the slowing of the EEG record, reflected in increased incidence of low frequencies (<8 Hz) in the posterior dominant rhythm and decreased alpha activity.
Introduction: Increased life expectancy has determined an aging population and with this came an increased incidence of diseases related to aging, such as dementia. The main causes of cognitive impairment are the DA, the DVS and mixed dementia. Several studies claim that the presence and progression of various dementias are related to changes in characteristics of the EEG recording. Thus, the aim of this work is to check how the EEG is important in the differential diagnosis of dementia and to evaluate whether EEG changes are specific to each type of dementia and its relationship to their severity. Materials and methods: We analyzed the EEG recording of 45 patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment. Proceeded to the correlation between the EEG findings, type of dementia (n=33) and the result of the CDR and compared the results with a control population (n=13) with no cognitive impairment. For statistical analysis we used SPSS Statistics 17.0 for Microsoft ® Windows ®. Results: For the 33 patient sample (69.7% female) with a mean age of 76.97 yrs , in which 13 patients had AD, 18 had DVS and 2 had mixed dementia, 15 (45.4% ) of these patients had a posterior dominant rhythm frequency <8 Hz and the remaining 18 (54.5%) had a frequency ≥ 8 Hz (alpha activity). No patient had paroxysmal activity. 21 (63.6%) patients showed the presence of slow activity, thirteen of these showed predominantly delta activity and eight showed theta activity. Of the 21 demented patients who were assessed by CDR, six (28.6%) had CDR ≤ 1 and fifteen (71.4%) had a CDR> 1 (nine patients had CDR=2 and the remaining six had CDR=3). In the 13 patient control population (76.9% female) with a mean age of 76.4 yrs, 12 (92.3%) patients had a posterior dominant rhythm frequency ≥8 Hz and only one patient had a frequency <8 Hz. Three patients showed slow activity in the delta frequency and two had theta activity. No patient had paroxysmal activity. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence or absence of dementia and frequency of the dominant posterior rhythm (χ2=5,863; p=0,015; Fischer’s p=0,018), with 15 patients with dementia versus 1 without dementia, showing a frequency <8 Hz. Conclusion: The presence of dementia correlates with the slowing of the EEG record, reflected in increased incidence of low frequencies (<8 Hz) in the posterior dominant rhythm and decreased alpha activity.
Description
Keywords
Demência Electroencefalografia - Demência Doença de Alzheimer Demência vascular
Citation
Publisher
Universidade da Beira Interior