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Abordagens não cirúrgicas e literacia em saúde em pessoas com artrose: Uma Revisão Sistemática
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Authors
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A osteoartrose é uma condição crónica e altamente prevalente a nível mundial,
caracterizada pela degradação progressiva das articulações, tendo como um dos principais
sintomas a dor. Evidências apontam para o uso de métodos conservadores numa primeira
abordagem terapêutica, nomeadamente a fisioterapia e o exercício físico regular.
Recomendam-se adicionalmente informações ao paciente, modificação no trabalho, perda de
peso e tecnologias de apoio como terapia de suporte. A literacia em saúde tende a melhorar a
capacidade de autogerir a própria doença levando a um aumento da qualidade de vida.
Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é compreender o impacto das abordagens não
cirúrgicas e literacia em saúde na autogestão da osteoartrose e qualidade de vida dos doentes,
com base nos dados disponíveis.
Métodos: Este estudo seguiu as diretrizes do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) e foi conduzido por meio de uma pesquisa abrangente
nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science e Scopus. A estratégia de
pesquisa incluiu termos relacionados à osteoartrose, intervenções não cirúrgicas e qualidade
de vida, adaptados conforme a especificidade de cada base de dados.
Resultados: Foram identificados 504 artigos nas bases de dados. Após a remoção de
duplicados, a análise dos títulos e resumos e a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão,
foram considerados elegíveis 7 artigos, que foram incluídos na presente revisão sistemática.
Os estudos analisados envolveram uma combinação de diferentes abordagens para a gestão da
osteoartrose, com ênfase em três grandes categorias: literacia em saúde, exercício físico e
terapia farmacológica. Estas intervenções foram frequentemente utilizadas de forma
combinada. A literacia em saúde esteve, muitas vezes, associada a programas educacionais
destinados a melhorar o conhecimento dos doentes acerca da sua condição clínica,
promovendo comportamentos saudáveis e uma melhor qualidade de vida. A prática regular de
atividade física demonstrou benefícios relevantes na população-alvo, com intervenções
baseadas, sobretudo, em fisioterapia e exercícios adaptados às limitações dos participantes.
De forma geral, estas abordagens contribuíram para melhorias significativas na dor, função
física e qualidade de vida dos participantes. Conclusões: Os dados obtidos a partir dos estudos incluídos nesta revisão sistemática
evidenciam a relevância das abordagens não cirúrgicas na gestão da osteoartrose. Estas
intervenções demonstraram um impacto significativamente positivo na redução da dor e na
melhoria da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com esta condição crónica. A combinação de
estratégias, especialmente aquelas que integram componentes educativos e físicos revelou-se
particularmente eficaz, reforçando a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar,
conservadora e centrada nas necessidades individuais dos pacientes. Apesar da diversidade
metodológica, os resultados dos diferentes estudos apresentam limitações relevantes, o que
dificulta a uniformização dos achados. Ainda assim, os principais resultados reforçam a
importância da promoção e da priorização, numa fase inicial, das intervenções não cirúrgicas
como parte integrante do tratamento da osteoartrose. Torna-se, portanto, pertinente a
realização de investigações futuras mais aprofundadas, com maior uniformidade
metodológica e um follow-up prolongado, de forma a consolidar as evidências existentes e a
orientar práticas clínicas mais eficazes.
Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic and highly prevalent condition worldwide, characterized by progressive degradation of the joints, with pain as one of the main symptoms. The evidence points to the use of conservative methods in an initial therapeutic approach, namely physiotherapy and regular physical exercise. Patient information, job change, weight loss, and supportive technologies such as supportive therapy are additionally recommended. Health literacy tends to improve the ability to self-manage one's own illness and has led to an increase in quality of life. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to understand the impact of non-surgical approaches and health literacy on self-management of osteoarthritis and quality of life of patients, based on available data. Methods: This study followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and was conducted through a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search strategy included terms related to osteoarthritis, non-surgical approach and quality of life, adapted according to the specificity of each database. Results: 504 articles were identified in the database. After removing duplicates, analyzing titles and abstracts and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were considered eligible and included in this systematic review. The studies analyzed involved a combination of different approaches to the management of osteoarthritis, with an emphasis on three broad categories: health literacy, physical exercise, and pharmacological therapy. These interventions were often used in combination. Health literacy has often been associated with educational programs designed to improve patients' knowledge about their clinical condition, promoting healthy behaviors and a better quality of life. Regular physical activity demonstrated relevant benefits in the target population, with interventions based mainly on physiotherapy and exercises adapted to the participants' limitations. Overall, these approaches contributed to significant improvements in participants' pain, physical function, and quality of life. Conclusions: The data obtained from the studies included in this systematic review highlight the relevance of non-surgical approaches in the management of osteoarthritis. These interventions have demonstrated a significantly positive impact on reducing pain and improving the quality of life of individuals with chronic conditions. The combination of strategies, especially those that integrate educational and physical components, has proven particularly effective, reinforcing the importance of a multidisciplinary, conservative approach focused on the individual needs of patients. Despite the methodological diversity, the results of the different studies present relevant limitations, which makes it difficult to standardize the findings. Nevertheless, the main results reinforce the importance of promoting and prioritizing, at an early stage, non-surgical interventions as an integral part of the treatment of osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is pertinent to carry out more in-depth future investigations, with greater methodological uniformity and prolonged monitoring, in order to consolidate existing evidence and guide more effective clinical practices.
Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic and highly prevalent condition worldwide, characterized by progressive degradation of the joints, with pain as one of the main symptoms. The evidence points to the use of conservative methods in an initial therapeutic approach, namely physiotherapy and regular physical exercise. Patient information, job change, weight loss, and supportive technologies such as supportive therapy are additionally recommended. Health literacy tends to improve the ability to self-manage one's own illness and has led to an increase in quality of life. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to understand the impact of non-surgical approaches and health literacy on self-management of osteoarthritis and quality of life of patients, based on available data. Methods: This study followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and was conducted through a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search strategy included terms related to osteoarthritis, non-surgical approach and quality of life, adapted according to the specificity of each database. Results: 504 articles were identified in the database. After removing duplicates, analyzing titles and abstracts and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were considered eligible and included in this systematic review. The studies analyzed involved a combination of different approaches to the management of osteoarthritis, with an emphasis on three broad categories: health literacy, physical exercise, and pharmacological therapy. These interventions were often used in combination. Health literacy has often been associated with educational programs designed to improve patients' knowledge about their clinical condition, promoting healthy behaviors and a better quality of life. Regular physical activity demonstrated relevant benefits in the target population, with interventions based mainly on physiotherapy and exercises adapted to the participants' limitations. Overall, these approaches contributed to significant improvements in participants' pain, physical function, and quality of life. Conclusions: The data obtained from the studies included in this systematic review highlight the relevance of non-surgical approaches in the management of osteoarthritis. These interventions have demonstrated a significantly positive impact on reducing pain and improving the quality of life of individuals with chronic conditions. The combination of strategies, especially those that integrate educational and physical components, has proven particularly effective, reinforcing the importance of a multidisciplinary, conservative approach focused on the individual needs of patients. Despite the methodological diversity, the results of the different studies present relevant limitations, which makes it difficult to standardize the findings. Nevertheless, the main results reinforce the importance of promoting and prioritizing, at an early stage, non-surgical interventions as an integral part of the treatment of osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is pertinent to carry out more in-depth future investigations, with greater methodological uniformity and prolonged monitoring, in order to consolidate existing evidence and guide more effective clinical practices.
Description
Keywords
Abordagem Não Cirúrgica Artrose Capacitação Fisioterapia Qualidade de Vida