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Abstract(s)
Os benefícios do exercício físico são irrefutáveis, nomeadamente, no que diz
respeito ao perfil cardiovascular. No entanto, a maioria desses benefícios é atribuída ao
exercício físico moderado, sendo que evidências sugerem que grandes volumes de treino
associados a uma alta intensidade podem estar relacionados com desfechos
cardiovasculares adversos e reduções relativas nos benefícios, nomeadamente ao nível
da redução da mortalidade. Atletas de endurance (maratonistas, nadadores, ciclistas,
esquiadores de fundo, canoístas) praticam doses intensas e extenuantes de exercício,
excedendo muitas vezes as recomendações usuais de exercício em até 15 a 20 vezes mais.
A prática de desportos de endurance aumentou significativamente nas últimas
décadas, com uma proporção crescente de atletas. Como é sabido, como resposta ao
exercício físico realizado por atletas, o coração sofre uma alteração não só a nível
estrutural e funcional, como também a nível do sistema de condução elétrico. Estas
alterações são conhecidas como “coração de atleta”, sendo a maior parte delas
consideradas benignas. No entanto, existem preocupações quanto ao possível efeito próarritmogénico dos desportos de endurance devido à existência de uma remodelação
cardíaca. Alguns estudos têm demonstrado que os atletas de endurance apresentam uma
maior prevalência de fibrilhação auricular, flutter auricular, disfunção do nó sinusal e
arritmias ventriculares associadas a uma possível displasia arritmogénica ventricular
direita induzida pelo exercício. Esta dissertação visa fazer uma revisão da literatura
existente acerca da possibilidade dos atletas de endurance virem a ter um risco
aumentado de arritmias, assim como rever os supostos mecanismos envolvidos.
The benefits of physical exercise are irrefutable, especially in what regards the cardiovascular profile. However, most of these benefits are attributed to moderate physical exercise and evidence suggests that large volumes of training associated with high intensity may be related to adverse cardiovascular effects and relative reductions in benefits, namely in terms of reduced mortality. Endurance athletes (marathon runners, swimmers, cyclists, cross-country skiers, kayakers) engage in intense and strenuous doses of exercise, often exceeding the usual exercise recommendations by as much as 15 to 20 times. The practice of endurance sports has risen significantly in recent decades, with an increasing proportion of athletes. As is known, in response to physical exercise performed by athletes, the heart undergoes a remodelling not only structurally and functionally, but also in the electrical conduction system. These changes are known as "athlete's heart", and most of them are considered benign. However, there are concerns about the possible proarrhythmogenic effect of endurance sports due to cardiac remodeling. Some studies have shown that endurance athletes have a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, sinus node dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias associated with a possible arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia induced by exercise. This dissertation aims to review the existing literature about the possibility of endurance athletes have an increased risk of arrhythmias, as well as review the supposed mechanisms involved.
The benefits of physical exercise are irrefutable, especially in what regards the cardiovascular profile. However, most of these benefits are attributed to moderate physical exercise and evidence suggests that large volumes of training associated with high intensity may be related to adverse cardiovascular effects and relative reductions in benefits, namely in terms of reduced mortality. Endurance athletes (marathon runners, swimmers, cyclists, cross-country skiers, kayakers) engage in intense and strenuous doses of exercise, often exceeding the usual exercise recommendations by as much as 15 to 20 times. The practice of endurance sports has risen significantly in recent decades, with an increasing proportion of athletes. As is known, in response to physical exercise performed by athletes, the heart undergoes a remodelling not only structurally and functionally, but also in the electrical conduction system. These changes are known as "athlete's heart", and most of them are considered benign. However, there are concerns about the possible proarrhythmogenic effect of endurance sports due to cardiac remodeling. Some studies have shown that endurance athletes have a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, sinus node dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias associated with a possible arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia induced by exercise. This dissertation aims to review the existing literature about the possibility of endurance athletes have an increased risk of arrhythmias, as well as review the supposed mechanisms involved.
Description
Keywords
Arritmias Atletas de Endurance Coração de Atleta Fibrilhação Auricular