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Authors
Abstract(s)
Um laboratório clínico é uma instalação que tem como principais objetivos a recolha e
tratamento de amostras biológicas dos utentes, de modo que possam ser feitas
determinações analíticas fiáveis e válidas em tempo útil, de maneira a poder ser
estabelecido um diagnóstico clínico para que, posteriormente, caso seja necessário, se
possa indicar uma terapia adequada ao diagnóstico do utente. O Laboratório de
Patologia Clínica (LPC) da Unidade Local de Saúde da Cova da Beira é constituído por
várias secções de diagnóstico, pelo que o presente relatório retrata a passagem pelas
secções de Imunoquímica, Microbiologia e Hematologia, tendo sido desenvolvido um
projeto de investigação na secção de Microbiologia.
Nas últimas décadas, o aumento do número de infeções por microrganismos
multirresistentes levou a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) a classificar a
resistência aos antibióticos como a principal ameaça do século XXI contra a saúde
pública. Estas bactérias multirresistentes são responsáveis por provocar infeções
associadas aos cuidados de saúde (IACS), estando associadas a prognósticos
desfavoráveis. Estas bactérias possuem a capacidade de formar biofilmes, sendo a
canalização hospitalar um dos locais onde estes se podem formar. Este facto levou a
que os lavatórios fossem identificados como potenciais fontes de transmissão de
microrganismos multirresistentes causadores de infeções aos doentes hospitalizados
localizados a menos de 1 metro de distância. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste projeto de
investigação foi avaliar, durante um período de 4 semanas, a presença de três
microrganismos multirresistentes na canalização de 24 lavatórios, distribuídos por três
serviços do Hospital Pêro da Covilhã, tendo sido testada em simultâneo a eficácia de
dois desinfetantes na eliminação dos biofilmes. Os microrganismos estudados foram o
Staphylococcus aureus meticilina resistente (MRSA), a Klebsiella pneumoniae
produtora de carbapenemases (KPC) e o Acinetobacter baumannii, enquanto os
desinfetantes comparados foram o Klorkleen Plus (Imporquímica®) e o Granulado
Desinfetante Efervescente (Agadesinfect®). A recolha de dados teve início no dia 22 de
janeiro de 2024 tendo terminado a 15 de abril, durante esse período foram recolhidas
190 amostras a partir das quais foram gerados 570 resultados. Dos resultados obtidos
48 (8,4 %) foram positivos para os microrganismos em estudo, sendo 25 (4,4 %)
positivos para MRSA e 23 (4,0 %) positivos para KPC. Relativamente ao Acinetobacter
baumannii, não foi registado qualquer caso positivo em nenhum dos lavatórios
estudados. Com base nos dados do crescimento destes microrganismos ao longo das
semanas de estudo, foi possível avaliar qual o desinfetante mais eficaz na eliminação do biofilme, sendo que dos dois desinfetantes o Granulado Desinfetante Efervescente foi
aquele que apresentou melhor eficácia na eliminação dos biofilmes. Com base no
número de IACS em 2023 no Hospital Pêro da Covilhã e tendo em conta os dados da
eficácia do referido Granulado na eliminação do biofilme, justifica-se a necessidade de
criação de um protocolo de desinfeção periódica dos lavatórios com este desinfetante
com o objetivo de controlar e diminuir o número de IACS provocadas por estes
microrganismos multirresistentes nesta unidade hospitalar.
A clinical laboratory is a facility whose main objectives are to collect and process biological samples from patients, so that reliable and valid analytical determinations can be made in good time, so that a clinical diagnosis can be established and then, if necessary, appropriate therapy can be indicated for the patient's diagnosis. The Clinical Pathology Laboratory of the Cova da Beira Local Health Unit is made up of various diagnostic sections, so this report describes the time spent in the Immunochemistry, Microbiology and Hematology sections, and a research project that was carried out in the Microbiology section. In recent decades, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified antibiotic resistance as the main public health threat of the 21st century. These multi-resistant microorganisms are responsible for causing very serious nosocomial infections and are associated with unfavorable prognoses. These bacteria have the ability to form biofilms, and hospital plumbing is one of the places where they can form. This has led to sinks being identified as potential sources of transmission of multidrug-resistant microorganisms that cause infections in hospitalized patients located within 1 meter. With this in mind, the aim of this research project was to assess the presence of three multi-resistant microorganisms in 24 sinks, over a 4-week period, spread across three departments at the Hospital Pêro da Covilhã, while simultaneously testing the effectiveness of two disinfectants in eliminating biofilms. The microorganisms studied were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) and Acinetobacter baumannii, while the disinfectants compared were Klorkleen Plus (Imporquímica®) and Effervescent Disinfectant Granules (Agadesinfect®). Data collection began on January 22, 2024, and ended on April 15, during which 190 samples were collected and 570 results were generated. Of the results, 48 (8,4%) were positive for the microorganisms under study, with 25 (4,4%) positive for MRSA and 23 (4,0%) positive for KPC. No positive cases of A. baumannii were recorded in any of the sinks studied. Based on the data it was possible to assess which disinfectant was most effective in eliminating biofilms, and Effervescent Disinfectant Granules was the one that was most effective in the elimination. Considering the number of nosocomial infections in 2023 at Hospital Pêro da Covilhã and the data on the efficiency of Granulated Disinfectant, it justifies the need to create a protocol for periodic disinfection of sinks with this disinfectant to control and reduce the number of nosocomial infections caused by these multidrugresistant microorganisms in this hospital unit.
A clinical laboratory is a facility whose main objectives are to collect and process biological samples from patients, so that reliable and valid analytical determinations can be made in good time, so that a clinical diagnosis can be established and then, if necessary, appropriate therapy can be indicated for the patient's diagnosis. The Clinical Pathology Laboratory of the Cova da Beira Local Health Unit is made up of various diagnostic sections, so this report describes the time spent in the Immunochemistry, Microbiology and Hematology sections, and a research project that was carried out in the Microbiology section. In recent decades, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified antibiotic resistance as the main public health threat of the 21st century. These multi-resistant microorganisms are responsible for causing very serious nosocomial infections and are associated with unfavorable prognoses. These bacteria have the ability to form biofilms, and hospital plumbing is one of the places where they can form. This has led to sinks being identified as potential sources of transmission of multidrug-resistant microorganisms that cause infections in hospitalized patients located within 1 meter. With this in mind, the aim of this research project was to assess the presence of three multi-resistant microorganisms in 24 sinks, over a 4-week period, spread across three departments at the Hospital Pêro da Covilhã, while simultaneously testing the effectiveness of two disinfectants in eliminating biofilms. The microorganisms studied were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) and Acinetobacter baumannii, while the disinfectants compared were Klorkleen Plus (Imporquímica®) and Effervescent Disinfectant Granules (Agadesinfect®). Data collection began on January 22, 2024, and ended on April 15, during which 190 samples were collected and 570 results were generated. Of the results, 48 (8,4%) were positive for the microorganisms under study, with 25 (4,4%) positive for MRSA and 23 (4,0%) positive for KPC. No positive cases of A. baumannii were recorded in any of the sinks studied. Based on the data it was possible to assess which disinfectant was most effective in eliminating biofilms, and Effervescent Disinfectant Granules was the one that was most effective in the elimination. Considering the number of nosocomial infections in 2023 at Hospital Pêro da Covilhã and the data on the efficiency of Granulated Disinfectant, it justifies the need to create a protocol for periodic disinfection of sinks with this disinfectant to control and reduce the number of nosocomial infections caused by these multidrugresistant microorganisms in this hospital unit.
Description
Keywords
Acinetobacter Baumannii Análises
Clínicas Biofilmes Klebsiella
Pneumoniae Carbapenemase Lavatórios Relatório de Estágio Staphylococcus Aureus Meticilina Resistente