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Doença Renal Crónica e Síndrome de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono: Uma Associação Silenciosa
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Abstract(s)
A doença renal crónica e a síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono são duas condições
clínicas prevalentes e com implicações significativas para a saúde pública. Nos últimos
anos tem havido um interesse crescente em compreender a associação entre estas duas
entidades, uma vez que evidências recentes sugerem uma relação complexa e
bidirecional.
A doença renal crónica é uma doença caracterizada por uma diminuição progressiva da
taxa de filtração glomerular, que pode resultar de múltiplos fatores, incluindo
hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e doença cardiovascular. Esta pode contribuir
para o desenvolvimento da síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono através da alteração
da sensibilidade quimiorreflexa e de mecanismos de sobrecarga de fluidos.
Por outro lado, a síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono é caracterizada por episódios
recorrentes de obstrução das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono, levando a hipóxia
intermitente e fragmentação do sono. Esta hipóxia produz uma série de efeitos
sistémicos nocivos, incluindo stress oxidativo, inflamação e ativação do sistema nervoso
simpático, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento e progressão da doença renal crónica.
Além disso, a síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono está associada a um aumento do
risco de fatores predisponentes para a doença renal crónica, incluindo a obesidade, a
hipertensão e a diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
A associação entre doença renal crónica e síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono
apresenta implicações clínicas significativas, pelo que a compreensão dos mecanismos
subjacentes, bem como a implementação de estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento
adequadas são essenciais para melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos
pacientes com estas patologias.
Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo explorar a relação bidirecional entre doença
renal crónica e síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono, com enfoque na epidemiologia,
mecanismos fisiopatológicos e implicações clínicas subjacentes.
Chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are two prevalent clinical conditions with significant public health implications. In recent years there has been a growing interest in understanding the association between these two entities, since recent evidence suggests a complex and bidirectional relationship. Chronic kidney disease is a disease characterized by a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate, which can result from multiple factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. It can contribute to the development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by altering chemoreflex sensitivity and fluid overload mechanisms. On the other hand, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. This hypoxia produces a series of harmful systemic effects, including oxidative stress, inflammation and activation of the sympathetic nervous system, contributing to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with an increased risk of predisposing factors for chronic kidney disease, including obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The association between chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has significant clinical implications, so understanding the underlying mechanisms, as well as implementing appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies, are essential for improving the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with these pathologies. This literature review aims to explore the bidirectional relationship between chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and underlying clinical implications.
Chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are two prevalent clinical conditions with significant public health implications. In recent years there has been a growing interest in understanding the association between these two entities, since recent evidence suggests a complex and bidirectional relationship. Chronic kidney disease is a disease characterized by a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate, which can result from multiple factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. It can contribute to the development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by altering chemoreflex sensitivity and fluid overload mechanisms. On the other hand, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. This hypoxia produces a series of harmful systemic effects, including oxidative stress, inflammation and activation of the sympathetic nervous system, contributing to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with an increased risk of predisposing factors for chronic kidney disease, including obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The association between chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has significant clinical implications, so understanding the underlying mechanisms, as well as implementing appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies, are essential for improving the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with these pathologies. This literature review aims to explore the bidirectional relationship between chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and underlying clinical implications.
Description
Keywords
Doença Renal Crónica Hipertensão Hipóxia Síndrome de Apneia Obstrutiva do
Sono Sistema Nervoso Simpático