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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os disruptores endócrinos (DE) podem ter um efeito nocivo no sistema endócrino do
corpo humano. São definidos pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos EUA como "um
agente que interfere com a síntese, secreção, transporte, ligação ou eliminação de
hormonas naturais no organismo responsáveis pela manutenção da homeostasia,
reprodução, desenvolvimento e/ou comportamento. Ao interferir com o sistema
hormonal, produzem efeitos adversos no desenvolvimento, reprodução, sistema
neurológico, cardiovascular, imunológico e metabolismo, tanto em seres humanos como
na vida selvagem. De acordo com a OMS, os DE são maioritariamente fabricados pelo
homem, encontrados ubiquamente no nosso dia-dia, nomeadamente em pesticidas,
metais, aditivos ou contaminantes nos alimentos e produtos de higiene pessoal. A
exposição humana ocorre através da ingestão de alimentos, poeiras e água, através da
inalação de gases e partículas no ar e através da pele. O Bisfenol A (BPA) é um disruptor
endócrino capaz de imitar ou bloquear os recetores e alterar as concentrações hormonais
e o seu metabolismo. Apesar de ser detetado em doses baixas, a sua exposição pode
estimular respostas celulares e afetar as funções do corpo. Nos seres humanos, o
aumento da exposição ao BPA tem sido correlacionado com o aparecimento ou
desenvolvimento de várias doenças, problemas de saúde e condições médicas. Com esta
revisão da literatura pretendeu-se verificar quais os efeitos do BPA na infertilidade
masculina humana, recorrendo à bibliografia publicada mais recentemente. Assim, esta
revisão permitiu concluir que parecem existir efeitos nocivos deste composto na
infertilidade masculina humana, causando alterações hormonais e nas características do
sémen. No entanto estas conclusões carecem de estudos científicos mais robustos e
reprodutíveis. Ainda assim, e uma vez que a infertilidade masculina é cada vez mais
prevalente, devem ser tomadas medidas preventivas, a fim de salvaguardar a fertilidade
do homem.
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) can have a harmful effect on the human body's endocrine system. They are defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency as “an agent that interferes with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding or elimination of naturally occurring hormones in the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis, reproduction, development and/or behavior”. By interfering with the hormone system, they produce adverse effects on the development, reproduction, neurological, cardiovascular, and immune systems and metabolism in both humans and wildlife. According to the World Health Organization, EDs are mostly man-made, found ubiquitously in our daily lives, notably in pesticides, metals, additives or contaminants in food and personal care products. Human exposure occurs through ingestion of food, dust and water, through inhalation of gases and particles in the air and through the skin. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a proven endocrine disruptor capable of mimicking or blocking receptors and altering hormone concentrations and metabolism. Although consumed in low doses, it can stimulate cellular responses and affect the body's functions. In humans, increased exposure to BPA has been correlated with the onset or development of several diseases, health problems and medical conditions. This literature review aimed to verify the effects of BPA on human male infertility, using the most recently published literature. Thus, this review allowed us to conclude that there seem to be harmful effects of this compound on human male infertility, causing changes in hormonal and semen characteristics. However, these conclusions lack more robust and reproducible scientific studies. Even so, and since male infertility prevalence is increasing, preventive measures must be taken to ensure male fertility.
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) can have a harmful effect on the human body's endocrine system. They are defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency as “an agent that interferes with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding or elimination of naturally occurring hormones in the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis, reproduction, development and/or behavior”. By interfering with the hormone system, they produce adverse effects on the development, reproduction, neurological, cardiovascular, and immune systems and metabolism in both humans and wildlife. According to the World Health Organization, EDs are mostly man-made, found ubiquitously in our daily lives, notably in pesticides, metals, additives or contaminants in food and personal care products. Human exposure occurs through ingestion of food, dust and water, through inhalation of gases and particles in the air and through the skin. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a proven endocrine disruptor capable of mimicking or blocking receptors and altering hormone concentrations and metabolism. Although consumed in low doses, it can stimulate cellular responses and affect the body's functions. In humans, increased exposure to BPA has been correlated with the onset or development of several diseases, health problems and medical conditions. This literature review aimed to verify the effects of BPA on human male infertility, using the most recently published literature. Thus, this review allowed us to conclude that there seem to be harmful effects of this compound on human male infertility, causing changes in hormonal and semen characteristics. However, these conclusions lack more robust and reproducible scientific studies. Even so, and since male infertility prevalence is increasing, preventive measures must be taken to ensure male fertility.
Description
Keywords
Bpa Disruptor Endócrino Infertilidade Reprodução Masculina Toxicidade Reprodutiva