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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação, enquadrada no âmbito da unidade curricular designada como
Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, encontra-se dividida em dois
capítulos principais, que abordam duas vertentes distintas – investigação laboratorial e
farmácia comunitária.
O primeiro capítulo refere-se à componente de investigação laboratorial, desenvolvida no
Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior, localizado
na Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Covilhã. Este estudo baseou-se na avaliação do
efeito da luz visível e infravermelha no crescimento de bactérias comensais da pele, com
particular ênfase na bactéria Staphylococcus aureus.
Staphylococcus aureus é uma das bactérias pertencentes à microbiota cutânea,
estando frequentemente envolvido em infeções da pele. Neste tipo de situações, é muito
frequente existirem tecidos necrosados, nos quais a circulação sanguínea é escassa ou
mesmo ausente. Neste contexto, a antibioterapia surge como uma alternativa pouco
eficaz, uma vez que a irrigação sanguínea para estes locais é insuficiente. Desta forma,
torna-se fundamental encontrar abordagens terapêuticas alternativas ou adicionais à
quimioterapia antibiótica. Foi neste âmbito que este trabalho de investigação foi
desenvolvido, tendo sido utilizadas duas lâmpadas emissoras de luz com comprimentos
de onda diferentes - 660nm e 940nm. Foi utilizada uma estirpe ATCC de S. aureus e
uma estirpe clínica do mesmo microrganismo, sensível à meticilina. Após a preparação
do inóculo inicial e da sua permanência no agitador orbital, foi feita a irradiação com as
duas luzes, separadamente, das células do microrganismo durante 10 minutos.
Posteriormente, e após um período mínimo de 18h de incubação a 37°C, foram
contabilizadas as unidades formadoras de colónias. De uma maneira geral, concluiu-se
que a luz de 940nm, incluída na gama infravermelha do espetro eletromagnético,
promoveu uma diminuição no crescimento das células do microrganismo, quando
comparada com a luz de 660nm e com o controlo negativo (sem estímulo luminoso).
Desta forma, esta alternativa poderia tornar-se viável para ser utilizada em casos de
infeção cutânea, mesmo quando são atingidas camadas mais profundas, uma vez que a
capacidade de penetração da luz infravermelha na pele é elevada, sendo superior à da luz
visível. No que concerne ao segundo capítulo, o mesmo diz respeito à experiência
profissionalizante adquirida durante o estágio em farmácia comunitária, desenvolvido na
Farmácia Pedroso, na Covilhã. Nesta secção é apresentado o relatório de estágio, onde são
abordadas as diferentes componentes experienciadas e atividades realizadas, e onde é
evidenciado o importante papel do farmacêutico comunitário na população.
This dissertation, within the scope of the curricular unit designated as an Internship of Integrated Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences, is divided into two main chapters, which address two distinct strands – laboratory research and community pharmacy. The first chapter refers to the laboratory research component, developed at Health Sciences Research Centre of University of Beira Interior, located at Faculty of Health Sciences of Covilhã. This study was based on the evaluation of the effect of visible and infrared light on the growth of commensal skin bacteria, with particular emphasis on the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria belonging to the cutaneous microbiota and is often involved in most skin infections. In this type of clinical disease, there are very often necrotic tissues, in which blood circulation is scarce or even absent. In this context, antibiotics appear as an ineffective alternative, since blood supply to these sites is insufficient for making them arriving to these sites. Thus, it is essential to find therapeutic or additional alternatives to antibiotic therapy. It was in this context that this research work was developed, using two lamps emitting light with different wavelengths - 660nm and 940nm. An ATCC strain of S. aureus and a clinical strain of the same microorganism, sensitive to methicillin, were used. After the initial inoculum was prepared and left in the orbital shaker, the two lights were irradiated separately to the microorganisms during 10 minutes. Subsequently, and after a minimum period of 18h incubation at 37°C, colony-forming units were counted. In general, it was concluded that the 940nm light, included in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, promoted a decrease in the growth of the microorganism's cells, when compared to the 660nm light and the negative control (without light stimulus). Thus, this alternative can be envisaged to be used in cases of skin infection, even when deeper layers are reached, since the capacity of infrared light penetrating the skin is huge, being higher than that of visible light. Regarding to the second chapter, it relates to the professional experience acquired during the internship in community pharmacy, developed at Farmácia Pedroso, in Covilhã. This section presents the internship report, which addresses the different components experienced and activities carried out, and where the important role of the community pharmacist in the population is highlighted.
This dissertation, within the scope of the curricular unit designated as an Internship of Integrated Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences, is divided into two main chapters, which address two distinct strands – laboratory research and community pharmacy. The first chapter refers to the laboratory research component, developed at Health Sciences Research Centre of University of Beira Interior, located at Faculty of Health Sciences of Covilhã. This study was based on the evaluation of the effect of visible and infrared light on the growth of commensal skin bacteria, with particular emphasis on the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria belonging to the cutaneous microbiota and is often involved in most skin infections. In this type of clinical disease, there are very often necrotic tissues, in which blood circulation is scarce or even absent. In this context, antibiotics appear as an ineffective alternative, since blood supply to these sites is insufficient for making them arriving to these sites. Thus, it is essential to find therapeutic or additional alternatives to antibiotic therapy. It was in this context that this research work was developed, using two lamps emitting light with different wavelengths - 660nm and 940nm. An ATCC strain of S. aureus and a clinical strain of the same microorganism, sensitive to methicillin, were used. After the initial inoculum was prepared and left in the orbital shaker, the two lights were irradiated separately to the microorganisms during 10 minutes. Subsequently, and after a minimum period of 18h incubation at 37°C, colony-forming units were counted. In general, it was concluded that the 940nm light, included in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, promoted a decrease in the growth of the microorganism's cells, when compared to the 660nm light and the negative control (without light stimulus). Thus, this alternative can be envisaged to be used in cases of skin infection, even when deeper layers are reached, since the capacity of infrared light penetrating the skin is huge, being higher than that of visible light. Regarding to the second chapter, it relates to the professional experience acquired during the internship in community pharmacy, developed at Farmácia Pedroso, in Covilhã. This section presents the internship report, which addresses the different components experienced and activities carried out, and where the important role of the community pharmacist in the population is highlighted.
Description
Keywords
Crescimento Bacteriano Farmácia Comunitária Infeção Cutânea Luz Infravermelha Luz Visível Pele Staphylococcus Aureus