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Authors
Abstract(s)
A Alexitimia é entendida como um construto multidimensional, e caracteriza-se pela
acentuada dificuldade ou mesmo incapacidade no processamento emocional. Define-se pela
dificuldade em diferenciar as emoções e sentimentos e expressá-los em palavras, em si e nos
outros. Estas dificuldades também se inserem na identificação e reconhecimento de expressões
faciais. Normalmente é visto como um aspeto clínico associado a alguma patologia, causadora de
danos a níveis relacionais e sociais.
Por sua vez, o conceito de cronótipo, um dos objetos de estudo da cronobiologia e da
cronopsicologia, reparte-se em vespertino, matutino ou indiferente. Sujeitos matutinos têm
frequentemente um melhor desempenho em tarefas realizadas durante a manhã, e sujeitos
vespertinos à tarde, ou à noite. Com isto, pode-se constatar as preferências individuais do tempo
de sono e vigília por diferentes horas do dia, e o impacto destas em funções cognitivas, como a
realização de tarefas executadas através da memória de curto-prazo, raciocínio lógico e
desempenho cognitivo, estado de humor, energia e flutuações na atenção e concentração. O
desempenho na realização de tarefas, atinge o seu pico quando a tarefa é executada na “hora
ótima”, que coincide com o horário preferencial do indivíduo. A isto dá-se o nome de “efeito de
sincronia”.
Assim, numa linha de investigação quasi-experimental procura-se dar iniciação ao estudo
da influência do cronótipo e da alexitimia, numa tarefa de reconhecimento de identidade. Para
isso, avaliou-se o desempenho dos participantes através de possíveis diferenças estatísticas na
velocidade de resposta e nas taxas de acerto no reconhecimento de identidade de faces
desconhecidas.
Para o efeito, foram utilizados, numa amostra de estudantes universitários, um
questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Matutinidade-Vespertinidade de Horne e Östberg
(2002) – versão portuguesa, usado para avaliar o cronótipo de cada indivíduo; a Escala da Alexitimia
- Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) - versão portuguesa, para a análise dos níveis de Alexitimia
dos participantes, juntamente com uma versão modificada do teste The Glasgow Face Matching
Test, que foi usado para avaliar o reconhecimento de identidade.
Em termos gerais, não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos na taxa de
acertos e dos tempos de resposta na realização da tarefa de reconhecimento de identidade, logo
nenhumas das hipóteses se comprovam.
Alexithymia is regarded as a multidimensional construct, being characterized by extreme difficulty or even inability in emotional processing. It is defined by the difficulty in differentiating emotions and feelings and expressing them in words, in oneself and in others. These difficulties also lie within identifying and recognising facial expressions. It is usually regarded as a clinical aspect associated with some pathology that causes damage at relational and social levels. In turn, the concept of chronotype, one of the objects of study of chronobiology and chronopsychology, is divided into eveningness, morningness or neutrality. Morning subjects often perform better on morning tasks, and afternoon subjects in the afternoon or evening. With this, one can determine individual preferences of sleep and wake time at different times of day, and their impact on cognitive functions, such as performing tasks through short-term memory, logical reasoning and cognitive performance, mood, energy and fluctuations in attention and concentration. Task performance reaches its peak when the task is performed at the “optimum time,” which coincides with the individual's preferred time. This is called the “sync effect”. Thus, in a quasi-experimental line of research, we seek to initiate the study of the influence of chronotype and alexithymia by means of an identity recognition task. In order to do so, the performance of the participants was evaluated through possible statistical differences in the response speed and the hit rates in the recognition of unknown faces. For this purpose, we have applied, on a sample of university students, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Horne and Östberg Maturity-Evening Questionnaire (2002) - Portuguese version, used to evaluate the chronotype of each individual; The Alexithymia Scale - Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) - Portuguese version, for the analysis of participants' Alexithymia levels, along with a modified version of The Glasgow Face Matching Test, which was used to assess identity recognition. Overall, there were no significant differences between the groups in the hit rate and response times in performing the identity recognition task, so neither hypothesis is proven
Alexithymia is regarded as a multidimensional construct, being characterized by extreme difficulty or even inability in emotional processing. It is defined by the difficulty in differentiating emotions and feelings and expressing them in words, in oneself and in others. These difficulties also lie within identifying and recognising facial expressions. It is usually regarded as a clinical aspect associated with some pathology that causes damage at relational and social levels. In turn, the concept of chronotype, one of the objects of study of chronobiology and chronopsychology, is divided into eveningness, morningness or neutrality. Morning subjects often perform better on morning tasks, and afternoon subjects in the afternoon or evening. With this, one can determine individual preferences of sleep and wake time at different times of day, and their impact on cognitive functions, such as performing tasks through short-term memory, logical reasoning and cognitive performance, mood, energy and fluctuations in attention and concentration. Task performance reaches its peak when the task is performed at the “optimum time,” which coincides with the individual's preferred time. This is called the “sync effect”. Thus, in a quasi-experimental line of research, we seek to initiate the study of the influence of chronotype and alexithymia by means of an identity recognition task. In order to do so, the performance of the participants was evaluated through possible statistical differences in the response speed and the hit rates in the recognition of unknown faces. For this purpose, we have applied, on a sample of university students, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Horne and Östberg Maturity-Evening Questionnaire (2002) - Portuguese version, used to evaluate the chronotype of each individual; The Alexithymia Scale - Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) - Portuguese version, for the analysis of participants' Alexithymia levels, along with a modified version of The Glasgow Face Matching Test, which was used to assess identity recognition. Overall, there were no significant differences between the groups in the hit rate and response times in performing the identity recognition task, so neither hypothesis is proven
Description
Keywords
Alexitimia Cronótipo Reconhecimento de Identidade