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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os distĂșrbios mentais constituem um dos maiores e mais relevantes
desafios da saĂșde pĂșblica. Cerca de 4,4% da população mundial sofre de depressĂŁo e em
Portugal esta patologia afeta cerca de 10% da população. Segundo a Organização Mundial
de SaĂșde, a depressĂŁo constitui, atualmente, a principal causa de incapacitação em todo o
mundo. O tratamento preconizado para o transtorno depressivo passa por um tratamento
farmacolĂłgico e/ou psicoterapĂȘutico. No entanto, apesar destas intervençÔes se terem
demonstrado eficazes no tratamento destas patologias, acarretam algumas desvantagens,
nomeadamente o facto de necessitarem de perĂodos de tratamento duradouros, terem
imensas recaĂdas, serem mais dispendiosas e possuĂrem inĂșmeros efeitos adversos. Os
idosos, pelos longos perĂodos institucionalizados e pelas frequentes comorbilidades
requerendo fĂĄrmacos, sĂŁo um importante grupo de risco. Assim, surge a necessidade de
encontrar terapias alternativas complementares que aumentem a eficĂĄcia do tratamento,
reduzam a carga farmacolĂłgica e melhorem o prognĂłstico. Diversos ensaios clĂnicos
sugerem as terapias do riso como uma alternativa pelos seus potenciais efeitos fisiolĂłgicos
benéficos, sendo económica e praticamente sem efeitos adversos.
Objetivo: Determinar os efeitos e a eficĂĄcia das terapias do riso no tratamento dos
sintomas depressivos.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa na PubMed, Scopus e Cochrane de ensaios
clĂnicos publicados em inglĂȘs, portuguĂȘs ou espanhol, datados entre 2010 e 2020.
Utilizaram-se as palavras-chave: laugh* AND depression. Foram selecionados artigos que
estudavam a eficĂĄcia de um programa de Terapia do Riso no tratamento de sintomas
depressivos. O principal outcome analisado foi a DepressĂŁo, avaliada por escalas
validadas. Outros outcomes analisados foram a ansiedade e a qualidade de sono.
Resultados: As terapias do riso parecem conseguir melhorar os sintomas da depressĂŁo e
a ansiedade. Estes resultados sĂŁo verificĂĄveis tanto em terapias com exercĂcios de riso
simulado como em terapias de riso induzido pelo humor, pelo que ambos parecem obter
benefĂcio terapĂȘutico. No entanto, a qualidade geral dos estudos Ă© baixa devido Ă presença
de risco considerĂĄvel de vieses inerentes Ă s terapias.
ConclusĂŁo: As terapias do riso tĂȘm potencial para se tornar uma terapia complementar
na gestĂŁo dos doentes com depressĂŁo e ansiedade. Este potencial parece ser mais evidente
em idosos no contexto de institucionalização. No entanto, a ausĂȘncia de guidelines que uniformizem as prĂĄticas e a atual evidĂȘncia cientĂfica com riscos considerĂĄveis de vieses,
dificultam a aplicabilidade clĂnica imediata. Recomendamos que mais estudos sejam
realizados, com metodologias mais rigorosas.
Introduction: Mental disorders are one of the biggest and most relevant public health challenges. About 4.4% of the world population suffers from depression and in Portugal this pathology affects about 10% of the population. According to the World Health Organization, depression is currently the main cause of disability worldwide. The recommended treatment for depressive disorder is pharmacological and/or psychotherapeutical. However, although the interventions have been successful in the treatment of these pathologies, they have some disadvantages, namely the fact that they need long-term treatment periods, have a lot of relapses, are more expensive and have numerous adverse effects. The elderly, due to long institutionalized periods and frequent comorbidities requiring drugs, are an important risk group. Thus, there is a need to find complementary alternative therapies that increase the effectiveness of the treatment, reduce the pharmacological burden and improve the prognosis. Several clinical trials suggest Laughter Therapies as an alternative due to their beneficial physiological effects, inferior costs and virtual absence of adverse effects. Objective: Determine the effects and efficacy of Laughter Therapies in the treatment of depressive symptoms. Methodology: A search was executed in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane for clinical trials published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, between 2010 and 2020. The keywords used were: laugh* AND depression. The selected articles studied the effectiveness of a Laughter Therapy program in the treatment of depressive symptoms. The main outcome analyzed was Depression, assessed by validated scales. Other outcomes were anxiety and sleep quality. Results: Laughter therapies seem to be able to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety. These results are verifiable both in therapies with simulated laughter exercises and in humor-induced laughter, so both seem to obtain therapeutic benefit. However, the overall quality of the studies is low due to the presence of a considerable risk of bias inherent to the therapies. Conclusion: Laughter therapies have the potential to become a complementary therapy in the management of patients with depression and anxiety. This potential seems to be more evident in institutionalized elderly. However, the absence of guidelines that standardize practices and the current scientific evidence with considerable risks of bias, hinder immediate clinical applicability. We recommend the development of further studies, with more rigorous methodologies.
Introduction: Mental disorders are one of the biggest and most relevant public health challenges. About 4.4% of the world population suffers from depression and in Portugal this pathology affects about 10% of the population. According to the World Health Organization, depression is currently the main cause of disability worldwide. The recommended treatment for depressive disorder is pharmacological and/or psychotherapeutical. However, although the interventions have been successful in the treatment of these pathologies, they have some disadvantages, namely the fact that they need long-term treatment periods, have a lot of relapses, are more expensive and have numerous adverse effects. The elderly, due to long institutionalized periods and frequent comorbidities requiring drugs, are an important risk group. Thus, there is a need to find complementary alternative therapies that increase the effectiveness of the treatment, reduce the pharmacological burden and improve the prognosis. Several clinical trials suggest Laughter Therapies as an alternative due to their beneficial physiological effects, inferior costs and virtual absence of adverse effects. Objective: Determine the effects and efficacy of Laughter Therapies in the treatment of depressive symptoms. Methodology: A search was executed in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane for clinical trials published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, between 2010 and 2020. The keywords used were: laugh* AND depression. The selected articles studied the effectiveness of a Laughter Therapy program in the treatment of depressive symptoms. The main outcome analyzed was Depression, assessed by validated scales. Other outcomes were anxiety and sleep quality. Results: Laughter therapies seem to be able to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety. These results are verifiable both in therapies with simulated laughter exercises and in humor-induced laughter, so both seem to obtain therapeutic benefit. However, the overall quality of the studies is low due to the presence of a considerable risk of bias inherent to the therapies. Conclusion: Laughter therapies have the potential to become a complementary therapy in the management of patients with depression and anxiety. This potential seems to be more evident in institutionalized elderly. However, the absence of guidelines that standardize practices and the current scientific evidence with considerable risks of bias, hinder immediate clinical applicability. We recommend the development of further studies, with more rigorous methodologies.
Description
Keywords
Ansiedade DepressĂŁo Humor Riso Riso HumorĂstico Riso Simulado Terapia do Riso