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Entre a Autonomia e a Perda de Si: A Transformação da Identidade da Pessoa Idosa nas Estruturas Residenciais através da Atenção Centrada na Pessoa
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Resumo(s)
Nesta dissertação, analisa-se a institucionalização enquanto meio de promoção
para a perda de autonomia e identidade da pessoa idosa, assim como de que forma o
modelo de Atenção Centrada na Pessoa (ACP) pode mitigar esse risco em Estruturas
Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI). As perguntas que orientaram o estudo foram:
(i) de que modo a vida em instituição condiciona a autonomia e os marcadores
identitários dos residentes? (ii) como é que a aplicação do modelo ACP preserva essas
dimensões? A metodologia adotada incidiu no estudo de caso de uma ERPI de média
dimensão localizada na Região Centro de Portugal. Recorreu-se ao método qualitativo,
que incluiu a realização de oito entrevistas biográficas que deram origem a oito retratos
sociológicos de residentes na ERPI, bem como oito entrevistas semiestruturadas a
profissionais (auxiliares, animação sociocultural e direção). Realizou-se, ainda,
observação direta das rotinas dos idosos institucionalizados.
Os resultados indicam que a organização do quotidiano por rotinas padronizadas,
a gestão do tempo e as lógicas de segurança reduzem oportunidades de escolha e
fragilizam elementos identitários destes idosos. Identificaram-se, porém, práticas que
preservam a identidade e a autonomia, como a personalização do espaço, a atenção a
preferências e a participação em decisões quotidianas. Este estudo pretende contribuir
para o debate sociológico acerca do envelhecimento e políticas sociais, assim como
oferece indicações aplicadas para a gestão de ERPI e a formação das equipas técnicas.
This dissertation analyzes institutionalization as a means of promoting the loss of autonomy and identity in older adults, as well as how the Person-Centered Care (PCC) model can mitigate this risk in Residential Care Facilities for Older Adults (RCFAs). The questions that guided the study were: (i) how does life in an institution condition the autonomy and identity markers of residents? (ii) how does the application of the PCC model preserve these dimensions? The methodology adopted focused on a case study of a medium-sized RCFAs located in the Central Region of Portugal. A qualitative method was used, which included eight biographical interviews that gave rise to eight sociological portraits of residents in the RCFAs, as well as eight semi-structured interviews with professionals (assistants, sociocultural animators, and management). Direct observation of the routines of institutionalized elderly people was also carried out. The results indicate that the organization of daily life through standardized routines, time management, and security measures reduce opportunities for choice and weaken the identity of these elderly people. However, practices that preserve identity and autonomy were identified, such as the personalization of space, attention to preferences, and participation in daily decisions. This study aims to contribute to the sociological debate on aging and social policies, as well as offering practical guidance for the management of RCFAs and the training of technical teams.
This dissertation analyzes institutionalization as a means of promoting the loss of autonomy and identity in older adults, as well as how the Person-Centered Care (PCC) model can mitigate this risk in Residential Care Facilities for Older Adults (RCFAs). The questions that guided the study were: (i) how does life in an institution condition the autonomy and identity markers of residents? (ii) how does the application of the PCC model preserve these dimensions? The methodology adopted focused on a case study of a medium-sized RCFAs located in the Central Region of Portugal. A qualitative method was used, which included eight biographical interviews that gave rise to eight sociological portraits of residents in the RCFAs, as well as eight semi-structured interviews with professionals (assistants, sociocultural animators, and management). Direct observation of the routines of institutionalized elderly people was also carried out. The results indicate that the organization of daily life through standardized routines, time management, and security measures reduce opportunities for choice and weaken the identity of these elderly people. However, practices that preserve identity and autonomy were identified, such as the personalization of space, attention to preferences, and participation in daily decisions. This study aims to contribute to the sociological debate on aging and social policies, as well as offering practical guidance for the management of RCFAs and the training of technical teams.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atenção Centrada na Pessoa (Acp) Autonomia Envelhecimento Estruturas
Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas (Erpi) Identidade Institucionalização