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Abstract(s)
Introdução | A transição para a parentalidade é um período no qual os homens
atravessam vários processos de adaptação, que em certos casos podem conduzir a um
desequilíbrio e, por sua vez, à Depressão Perinatal Paterna. Este é um fenómeno de saúde
pública que, apesar de clinicamente negligenciado, apresenta uma prevalência estimada
entre 8,4% e 10.4%, segundo duas meta-análises, entre os pais durante o período
perinatal, merecendo a atenção da sociedade e os profissionais de saúde.
Objetivos | Análise descritiva da atual evidência científica sobre a Depressão Perinatal
Paterna, identificando a prevalência, fatores de risco e impacto no individuo, sociedade e
sistemas de saúde.
Metodologia | Para a elaboração desta revisão bibliográfica foi efetuada uma pesquisa,
durante os meses de maio a dezembro de 2019, na PubMed e no UpToDate, bem como em
livros e normas de orientação da Direção-Geral da Saúde e da Organização Mundial da
Saúde.
Resultados e Discussão | A Depressão Perinatal Paterna é uma patologia pouco
reconhecida e até subdiagnosticada, porém tem merecido o interesse científico no sentido
de avaliar os seus fatores de risco. Foram identificados diversos fatores de risco para a
Depressão Perinatal Paterna, que podem ser divididos em: individuais; socioculturais;
relacionados com a gravidez; psiquiátricos; e hormonais. A concomitância de depressão
materna é o principal fator de risco, em que o homem apresenta risco superior, cerca de
50%, de desenvolver Depressão Perinatal Paterna. Além disso, também têm sido
estudadas as potenciais consequências da Depressão Perinatal Paterna nas crianças,
demonstrando-se que os pais apresentam um papel de grande relevo no desenvolvimento
dos filhos e quando os homens experienciam depressão perinatal as suas crianças revelam
consequências negativas no desenvolvimento físico, cognitivo, emocional e
comportamental. Estes indícios, por sua vez, assinalam a necessidade de trazer a
Depressão Perinatal Paterna para o centro da discussão e tomar medidas que possibilitem
a prevenção, rastreio, diagnóstico e tratamento adequados.
Conclusão | Tendo em conta a prevalência da Depressão Perinatal Paterna, justifica-se a
existência de medidas que promovam o aumento da consciencialização da comunidade
médica e o reconhecimento precoce desta entidade clínica. Estas medidas devem passar
pela reformulação de políticas de saúde pública e implementação dos questionários de
rastreio da Depressão Perinatal Paterna e divulgação de informações relativas à
prevalência, aos fatores de risco e às possíveis consequências da Depressão Perinatal
Paterna, através dos diversos meios disponíveis (panfletos, cartazes, anúncios televisivos,
via telemóvel ou sessões presenciais) com vista a alcançar a população masculina.
Introduction | The transition to parenthood is a period in which men go through various life changing processes, that in certain cases may lead to an unbalance and, in turn, to Paternal Perinatal Depression. This is a public health phenomenon that, despite being clinically neglected, has an estimated prevalence between 8.4% and 10.4%, according to two metanalysis, among parents during the perinatal period, deserving the attention of society and health professionals. Objectives | This dissertation aims at a descriptive analysis of scientific evidence on Paternal Perinatal Depression, identifying the prevalence, risk factors and the impact on individuals, families, society and health systems. Methodology | Since May 2019 up until December 2019 a wide search for credible sources occurred in order to develop this dissertation. The sources used included PubMed and UpToDate, as well as books and guidelines from the Direção-Geral da Saúde and World Health Organization. Results and Discussion | Although the Paternal Perinatal Depression is an unrecognized and underdiagnosed pathology, there has been an increasing number of studies evaluating its risk factors. Several risk factors were identified for Paternal Perinatal Depression, which can be divided in individual, sociocultural, related to pregnancy, psychiatrics and hormonals. The concomitance of maternal depression is the main risk factor, in which men have a higher risk, about 50%, of developing Paternal Perinatal Depression. In addition, its potential effects have also been studied, indicating that fathers play a major role in children's development and when they experience perinatal depression, their children exhibit negative physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral development. In turn, these indications point out the need to bring Paternal Perinatal Depression to the center of the discussion and to take measures that facilitate adequate prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion | Considering the prevalence of the Paternal Perinatal Depression, it justifies the existence of measures that promote increased community awareness and early recognition of the Paternal Perinatal Depression. These measures include the reform of public health policies and the implementation of screening questionnaires for Paternal Perinatal Depression, the dissemination of information related to the prevalence, risk factors and possible consequences of Paternal Perinatal Depression, through the means available (pamphlets, posters, television, cell phones or face-to-face sessions) in order to reach the male population.
Introduction | The transition to parenthood is a period in which men go through various life changing processes, that in certain cases may lead to an unbalance and, in turn, to Paternal Perinatal Depression. This is a public health phenomenon that, despite being clinically neglected, has an estimated prevalence between 8.4% and 10.4%, according to two metanalysis, among parents during the perinatal period, deserving the attention of society and health professionals. Objectives | This dissertation aims at a descriptive analysis of scientific evidence on Paternal Perinatal Depression, identifying the prevalence, risk factors and the impact on individuals, families, society and health systems. Methodology | Since May 2019 up until December 2019 a wide search for credible sources occurred in order to develop this dissertation. The sources used included PubMed and UpToDate, as well as books and guidelines from the Direção-Geral da Saúde and World Health Organization. Results and Discussion | Although the Paternal Perinatal Depression is an unrecognized and underdiagnosed pathology, there has been an increasing number of studies evaluating its risk factors. Several risk factors were identified for Paternal Perinatal Depression, which can be divided in individual, sociocultural, related to pregnancy, psychiatrics and hormonals. The concomitance of maternal depression is the main risk factor, in which men have a higher risk, about 50%, of developing Paternal Perinatal Depression. In addition, its potential effects have also been studied, indicating that fathers play a major role in children's development and when they experience perinatal depression, their children exhibit negative physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral development. In turn, these indications point out the need to bring Paternal Perinatal Depression to the center of the discussion and to take measures that facilitate adequate prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion | Considering the prevalence of the Paternal Perinatal Depression, it justifies the existence of measures that promote increased community awareness and early recognition of the Paternal Perinatal Depression. These measures include the reform of public health policies and the implementation of screening questionnaires for Paternal Perinatal Depression, the dissemination of information related to the prevalence, risk factors and possible consequences of Paternal Perinatal Depression, through the means available (pamphlets, posters, television, cell phones or face-to-face sessions) in order to reach the male population.
Description
Keywords
Depressão Paterna Depressão Perinatal Fatores de Risco Homem Pai