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Caracterizar e Administrar o Impacto de um Diagnóstico de Alzheimer nos Familiares e Cuidadores
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A doença de Alzheimer é uma condição neurodegenerativa que afeta não
só o paciente, mas também os seus cuidadores e familiares, alterando significativamente
a dinâmica familiar e o bem-estar emocional de quem presta cuidados. O diagnóstico de
Alzheimer provoca uma carga psicológica considerável que resulta em níveis elevados de
stress, burnout e desgaste emocional. Este impacto, normalmente, agrava-se devido à
falta de estratégias eficazes de gestão e suporte emocional. É fundamental compreender
as alterações emocionais dos cuidadores e propor abordagens que minimizem os efeitos
negativos dessa experiência.
Objetivos: Este estudo pretende caracterizar o impacto psicológico e emocional de um
diagnóstico de Alzheimer nos familiares e cuidadores, analisando as consequências que
essa condição causa na dinâmica familiar. Propõe ainda identificar as estratégias de
coping que os cuidadores adotam para enfrentar esta situação e recomendar
intervenções que possam promover a saúde mental e o bem-estar destes indivíduos.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, utilizando a base de dados
PubMed. A pesquisa foi orientada pelos protocolos PRISMA e PICO, garantindo a
transparência e rigor do estudo. Foram definidos critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados
entre 2008 e 2024, escritos em português ou inglês, e que abordem o impacto psicológico
da situação dos cuidadores de pacientes com Alzheimer. A triagem e seleção dos artigos
seguiu um processo sistemático, focando nos efeitos do stress, burnout e estratégias de
coping nos cuidadores.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 21 estudos, publicados entre 2008 e 2024, oriundos de 9
países, com ampla diversidade geográfica e metodológica. Os estudos variaram em
termos metodológicos: ensaios clínicos randomizados, estudos transversais e
investigações qualitativas. Os temas centrais foram: Impacto Emocional; Estratégias de
Coping; Impacto da Pandemia; Diferenças Culturais e de Género; e Tecnologias de
Apoio. Essa diversidade forneceu uma base para comparações culturais e
socioeconômicas, aumentando a relevância dos resultados.
Conclusões: A síntese dos estudos analisados revela que os cuidadores de pacientes
com Alzheimer enfrentam desafios complexos e multidimensionais. Intervenções
integradas, que considerem as diferenças culturais e de género, são essenciais para
melhorar a qualidade de vida desses cuidadores. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos para criar protocolos eficazes e personalizados, que atendam às necessidades dos
familiares e cuidadores em diferentes contextos socioeconómicos e culturais.
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that affects not only the patient but also their caregivers and family members, significantly altering family dynamics and the emotional well-being of those providing care. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's causes a considerable psychological burden, resulting in high levels of stress, burnout, and emotional exhaustion. This impact is often exacerbated by the lack of effective management strategies and emotional support. It is essential to understand the emotional changes experienced by caregivers and propose approaches that minimize the negative effects of this experience. Objectives: This study aims to characterize the psychological and emotional impact of an Alzheimer's diagnosis on family members and caregivers, analyzing the consequences this condition has on family dynamics. It also seeks to identify the coping strategies that caregivers adopt to face this situation and recommend interventions that can promote the mental health and well-being of these individuals. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database. The research was guided by PRISMA and PICO protocols, ensuring transparency and rigor in the study. Inclusion criteria were defined: articles published between 2008 and 2024, written in Portuguese or English, and addressing the psychological impact of the situation on caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. The screening and selection of articles follows a systematic process, focusing on the effects of stress, burnout, and coping strategies among caregivers. Results: A total of 21 studies, published between 2008 and 2024, from 9 countries were included, with a wide geographic and methodological diversity. The studies varied methodologically: randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, and qualitative investigations. The central themes were: Emotional Impact; Coping Strategies; Impact of the Pandemic; Cultural and Gender Differences; and Support Technologies. This diversity provided a basis for cultural and socioeconomic comparisons, enhancing the relevance of the findings. Conclusions: The synthesis of the analyzed studies reveals that caregivers of Alzheimer's patients face complex and multidimensional challenges. Integrated interventions that consider cultural and gender differences are essential to improve the quality of life of these caregivers. However, more studies are needed to create effective and personalized protocols that meet the needs of families and caregivers in different socioeconomic and cultural contexts.
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that affects not only the patient but also their caregivers and family members, significantly altering family dynamics and the emotional well-being of those providing care. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's causes a considerable psychological burden, resulting in high levels of stress, burnout, and emotional exhaustion. This impact is often exacerbated by the lack of effective management strategies and emotional support. It is essential to understand the emotional changes experienced by caregivers and propose approaches that minimize the negative effects of this experience. Objectives: This study aims to characterize the psychological and emotional impact of an Alzheimer's diagnosis on family members and caregivers, analyzing the consequences this condition has on family dynamics. It also seeks to identify the coping strategies that caregivers adopt to face this situation and recommend interventions that can promote the mental health and well-being of these individuals. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database. The research was guided by PRISMA and PICO protocols, ensuring transparency and rigor in the study. Inclusion criteria were defined: articles published between 2008 and 2024, written in Portuguese or English, and addressing the psychological impact of the situation on caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. The screening and selection of articles follows a systematic process, focusing on the effects of stress, burnout, and coping strategies among caregivers. Results: A total of 21 studies, published between 2008 and 2024, from 9 countries were included, with a wide geographic and methodological diversity. The studies varied methodologically: randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, and qualitative investigations. The central themes were: Emotional Impact; Coping Strategies; Impact of the Pandemic; Cultural and Gender Differences; and Support Technologies. This diversity provided a basis for cultural and socioeconomic comparisons, enhancing the relevance of the findings. Conclusions: The synthesis of the analyzed studies reveals that caregivers of Alzheimer's patients face complex and multidimensional challenges. Integrated interventions that consider cultural and gender differences are essential to improve the quality of life of these caregivers. However, more studies are needed to create effective and personalized protocols that meet the needs of families and caregivers in different socioeconomic and cultural contexts.
Description
Keywords
Alzheimer Bem-Estar Estratégias de Coping Familiares Qualidade de Vida Sobrecarga dos Cuidadores Stress Emocional