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Indicadores de saúde mental e qualidade de vida em sujeitos empregados e desempregados
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo visou estudar e analisar indicadores de saúde mental e qualidade de vida em 222 sujeitos pertencentes ao concelho da Covilhã e Fundão da população activa e desempregada, do sexo feminino (n=153) e do sexo masculino (n=69), com idades compreendidas entre os 25 e 45 anos, de diferentes níveis educacionais. Para o efeito, foram utilizados dois questionários sócio-demográficos (um para a população empregada e outro para a população desempregada), o SCL-90-R (Questionário de avaliação de 90 sintomas) e um questionário de Qualidade de Vida (World Health Organization Quality Of Life – WHOQOL-Bref).
Os resultados sugerem que o sexo feminino revela índices mais elevados de psicopatologia e o sexo masculino apresenta níveis mais elevados de qualidade de vida. De igual modo, verificaram-se diferenças na percepção da qualidade de vida e na saúde mental em função da idade, sendo que o grupo de sujeitos mais novos apresenta valores mais elevados de qualidade de vida e o grupo de sujeitos mais velhos manifestam níveis mais elevados de psicopatologia. Relativamente à escolaridade, está patente uma diminuição da saúde mental e da qualidade de vida com o decréscimo das habilitações literárias.
Observa-se uma relação negativa entre saúde mental e qualidade de vida, sugerindo que a qualidade de vida pode influenciar a incidência de psicopatologia, ou seja, quando uma aumenta, a outra tende a diminuir.
Constatou-se que os indivíduos desempregados apresentam valores elevados na escala clínica ansiedade, depressão e psicoticismo comparativamente aos empregados. Por sua vez, os empregados apresentam mais sintomas ligados à somatização, às obsessões-compulsões, à sensibilidade interpessoal, à hostilidade, à ansiedade fóbica e à ideação paranóide.
Os indivíduos desempregados acreditam ter uma menor qualidade de vida comparativamente com os sujeitos empregados, contudo, essa diferença não é muito discrepante, porque para ambos os grupos analisados a percepção da qualidade de vida é relativamente alta.
This work was meant to study and analyse mental health indicators and the quality of life of 222 subjects active and unemployed from the county of Covilhã and Fundão, female (n=153) and male (n=69) aged between 25 and 45 years old, from different educational backgrounds. There were used two different socio demographic questionnaires (one for the employed people and another for the unemployed people), the SCL- 90 -R (questionnaire of 90 symptoms evaluation) and one questionnaire of the quality of life (World Health Organization Quality Of Life – WHOQOL-Bref). The results suggest that women have higher levels of psychopathology and men have higher levels of quality of life. Likewise there are differences on the perception of the quality of life and mental health according to the age, the group of younger subjects present higher levels of quality of life and the group of older subjects shows higher levels of psychopathology. About the scholarity, we can verify that the mental health and the life quality decrease when the educational level also decreases. There is a negative relationship between mental health and quality of life, suggesting that quality of life can influence the incidence of psychopathology, that is, if one increases the other diminishes. It was found that unemployed individuals present higher levels in the clinical scale anxiety, depression and psychoticism in relation to employed people. On the other hand, employed people show more symptoms linked to the somatisation, to compulsion-obsessions, to interpersonal sensitivity, to hostility, to phobic anxiety and to paranoia. Unemployed people believe they have a lower quality of life, compared with employed subjects; this is not a very discrepant difference, because for both analysed groups the perception of the quality of life is relatively high.
This work was meant to study and analyse mental health indicators and the quality of life of 222 subjects active and unemployed from the county of Covilhã and Fundão, female (n=153) and male (n=69) aged between 25 and 45 years old, from different educational backgrounds. There were used two different socio demographic questionnaires (one for the employed people and another for the unemployed people), the SCL- 90 -R (questionnaire of 90 symptoms evaluation) and one questionnaire of the quality of life (World Health Organization Quality Of Life – WHOQOL-Bref). The results suggest that women have higher levels of psychopathology and men have higher levels of quality of life. Likewise there are differences on the perception of the quality of life and mental health according to the age, the group of younger subjects present higher levels of quality of life and the group of older subjects shows higher levels of psychopathology. About the scholarity, we can verify that the mental health and the life quality decrease when the educational level also decreases. There is a negative relationship between mental health and quality of life, suggesting that quality of life can influence the incidence of psychopathology, that is, if one increases the other diminishes. It was found that unemployed individuals present higher levels in the clinical scale anxiety, depression and psychoticism in relation to employed people. On the other hand, employed people show more symptoms linked to the somatisation, to compulsion-obsessions, to interpersonal sensitivity, to hostility, to phobic anxiety and to paranoia. Unemployed people believe they have a lower quality of life, compared with employed subjects; this is not a very discrepant difference, because for both analysed groups the perception of the quality of life is relatively high.
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Keywords
Situação laboral Qualidade de vida