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Publication
O Uso de Pacientes Simulados na Educação Médica: Uma Revisão da Literatura
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Abstract(s)
A educação médica tradicional, em vigor em grande parte das escola médicas, define-se
como o conjunto de processos e métodos através dos quais os estudantes desenvolvem
aptidões e conhecimento necessários à prática médica. No entanto, tem uma
efetividade limitada na promoção da confiança necessária para a prática clínica dos
futuros médicos, nem sempre se mostrando suficiente.
Como resposta a determinadas falhas que nos são deixadas pelo modelo
supramencionado, bem como novas oportunidades de melhoria e atualização do ensino
médico, surgem as estratégias de simulação, nomeadamente os Pacientes Simulados
(PS).
Assim, esta dissertação tem o propósito de investigar o uso dos pacientes simulados na
educação médica, o seu contributo e particularidades, bem como os seus efeitos na
eficácia como um método pedagógico no ensino-aprendizagem.
Para a elaboração desta revisão narrativa da literatura realizou-se uma vasta pesquisa
referente ao presente tema: “O Uso de Pacientes Simulados na Educação Médica”,
recorrendo às plataformas PubMed e SciELO, até à data de 20 de agosto de 2024, com
recurso às palavras-chave (e respetivas associações): “paciente simulado”; “educação
médica”; “ensino-aprendizagem”; “simulação”; “ensino médico”.
Os PS reúnem um conjunto de vantagens e considerações que, juntas, formam o meio
ideal para a aprendizagem e prática dos conceitos e habilidades médicas. Este método
tem vindo a ser utilizado em cada vez mais escolas médicas, como forma de promover e
consolidar a aprendizagem e respetiva avaliação, permitindo aos alunos treinar
realisticamente e com segurança as suas competências técnicas e de comunicação
clínica e aumentar a confiança na sua capacidade como médicos. A sua utilização tem o
ulterior objetivo da criação de profissionais de saúde aptos, assim como o
desenvolvimento da sua identidade profissional, melhorando a prestação e a qualidade
dos serviços médicos. O uso dos Pacientes Simulados mostrou, aliado à segurança que
proporciona para o treino de competências, formar estudantes capazes e seguros de si,
com técnicas mais aperfeiçoadas e treino de capacidades de comunicação inerente à
profissão.
Traditional medical education, in force in most medical schools, is defined as the set of processes and methods through which students develop the skills and knowledge necessary for medical practice. However, it has limited effectiveness in promoting the confidence necessary for the clinical practice of future doctors, and is not always sufficient. As a response to certain shortcomings left by the aforementioned model, as well as new opportunities to improve and update medical education, simulation strategies have emerged, namely Simulated Patients (SP). The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the use of simulated patients in medical education, their contribution and particularities, as well as their effects on effectiveness as a pedagogical method in teaching and learning. In order to prepare this narrative literature review, a vast search was carried out on the subject: ‘The Use of Simulated Patients in Medical Education’, using the PubMed and SciELO platforms, up to the date of 20 August 2024, using the keywords (and their associations): ‘simulated patient’; ‘medical education’; ‘teaching-learning’; ‘simulation’; ‘medical education’. PS brings together a number of advantages and considerations that together form the ideal means of learning and practicing medical concepts and skills. This method is being used in more and more medical schools as a way of promoting and consolidating learning and assessment, allowing students to realistically and safely practise their technical and clinical communication skills and increase confidence in their ability as doctors. Their use has the ulterior aim of creating skilled healthcare professionals, as well as developing their professional identity, improving the provision and quality of medical services. The use of Simulated Patients has been shown, together with the safety it provides for skills training, to train capable and self-assured students, with improved techniques and training in the communication skills inherent to the profession.
Traditional medical education, in force in most medical schools, is defined as the set of processes and methods through which students develop the skills and knowledge necessary for medical practice. However, it has limited effectiveness in promoting the confidence necessary for the clinical practice of future doctors, and is not always sufficient. As a response to certain shortcomings left by the aforementioned model, as well as new opportunities to improve and update medical education, simulation strategies have emerged, namely Simulated Patients (SP). The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the use of simulated patients in medical education, their contribution and particularities, as well as their effects on effectiveness as a pedagogical method in teaching and learning. In order to prepare this narrative literature review, a vast search was carried out on the subject: ‘The Use of Simulated Patients in Medical Education’, using the PubMed and SciELO platforms, up to the date of 20 August 2024, using the keywords (and their associations): ‘simulated patient’; ‘medical education’; ‘teaching-learning’; ‘simulation’; ‘medical education’. PS brings together a number of advantages and considerations that together form the ideal means of learning and practicing medical concepts and skills. This method is being used in more and more medical schools as a way of promoting and consolidating learning and assessment, allowing students to realistically and safely practise their technical and clinical communication skills and increase confidence in their ability as doctors. Their use has the ulterior aim of creating skilled healthcare professionals, as well as developing their professional identity, improving the provision and quality of medical services. The use of Simulated Patients has been shown, together with the safety it provides for skills training, to train capable and self-assured students, with improved techniques and training in the communication skills inherent to the profession.
Description
Keywords
Educação Médica Ensino Médico Ensino-Aprendizagem Paciente Simulado Simulação