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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O consumo de tabaco é uma das principais causas preveníveis de morte
prematura. A Convenção Quadro de Controlo do Tabaco da Organização Mundial de saúde
fornece uma linha de ação no sentido de reduzir a prevalência do consumo tabágico e a
exposição ao fumo ambiental do tabaco. Os objetivos globais apenas serão alcançados
quando os atuais fumadores cessarem o consumo e ter assistência profissional aumenta
significativamente a sua taxa de sucesso.
Objetivos: Avaliar o comportamento tabágico da população portuguesa, a motivação para
deixar de fumar e as dificuldades da cessação tabágica; assim como o conhecimento e a
utilização dos recursos de cessação tabágica pela população.
Metodologia: Estudo observacional e transversal de caráter descritivo. Os dados foram
recolhidos por questionário aplicado através de sistemas CATI (computer-assisted
telephonic interview) por entrevistadores formados e selecionados pela empresa GfK
Metris, Portugal, durante os meses de junho e julho de 2012. O questionário foi aplicado a
uma amostra estratificada e tendencialmente representativa da população portuguesa
residente em Portugal Continental, com uma taxa de colaboração de 96%.
Resultados: Participaram 1002 indivíduos, 52,4% eram mulheres, com uma média de
idade 46,5 ± 17,9 anos. A prevalência geral de tabagismo foi de 22,2%: 27,0% nos homens e
17,7% nas mulheres, p<0,001; e 29,1% nos menores de 45 anos e 14,8% nos maiores de 45
anos, p<0,001. Entre os menores de 45 anos 13,8% deixaram de fumar e entre os maiores
de 45 anos 28,3% são ex-fumadores, p<0,001. Dos fumadores 63,4% têm grau de
dependência nicotínica baixo e 79,3% estão em fase de pré-contemplação para a mudança.
Tanto a cessação do consumo (59,8%) como as tentativas de cessação (51,1%) foram na sua
maioria despoletadas por motivos de saúde. Apenas 18,8% dos fumadores e 10,0% dos exfumadores tiveram apoio profissional para deixar de fumar. A privação nicotínica e os
hábitos associados ao comportamento tabágico foram os aspetos mais difíceis de
ultrapassar. O médico de família (77,9%) e o farmacêutico (14,3%) foram os profissionais
de saúde mais associados ao apoio à cessação; os locais onde pedir ajuda profissional mais
referidos foram: centro de saúde (75,2%), hospital (21,9%) e farmácia (9,4%). Conclusão: A abordagem do tabagismo, bem como o aconselhamento e apoio à cessação
tabágica são fundamentais para a melhoria da saúde dos portugueses. As falhas detetadas
no apoio profissional para a cessação deverão ser colmatadas com incentivo à atuação
proativa, sistemática e adequada por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Para isto, é
necessário investimento em: formação pré e pós graduada, implementação da intervenção
breve nos sistemas de saúde, linha telefónica de apoio, e melhoria da capacidade de resposta
do Serviço Nacional de Saúde.
Introduction: Tobacco consumption is one of the main preventable causes of premature death. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provides a guideline to help reduce the prevalence of tobacco consumption and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The overall goals will only be met when the current smokers cease their consumption, and having professional assistance significantly increases their success rate. Goals: Assess the Portuguese population’s tobacco behaviours, their motivation to quit smoking, and the difficulties of tobacco cessation, as well as the awareness, and use, of tobacco cessation resources by the population. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The data was collected through computer-assisted telephonic interviews, given by skilled interviewers who were selected by the company GfK Metris, Portugal, between June and July 2012. The questionnaire was applied to a stratified, and verging on representative sample of the Portuguese population residing on the mainland, with a cooperation rate of 96%. Results: There were 1002 participants, of which 52,4% were women, with an average age of 46,5 ± 17,9 years. The general prevalence of tobacco consumption was 22,2%: 27,0% in males and 17,7% in women, p<0,001; 29,1% in those below 45 years, and 14,8% in those above 45 years, p<0,001. Of those below the age of 45, 13,8% stopped smoking; while of those above 45 years, 28,3% are former smokers, p<0,001. Among smokers, 63% have a low level of nicotinic dependence and 79,3% are in the pre-contemplation stage for change. Both consumption cessation altogether (59,8%) and ceasing attempts (51,1%) were triggered mostly by health reasons. Only 18,8% of the smokers and 10% of former smokers had to professional support to quit smoking. Nicotine withdrawal and habits associated with smoking were the most difficult aspects to overcome. The General Practitioner (77,9%) and the pharmacists (14,3%) were the professionals most associated with tobacco cessation support; the places mentioned as the ones to ask help for were the health centre (75,2%), the hospital (21,9%), and the pharmacy (9,4%). Conclusions: Discussing smoking as well as advising and supporting tobacco cessation is fundamental to improving the health of the Portuguese people. The flaws detected in professional support for cessation must be eradicated with an incentive to a systematic, proactive, and adequate approach. For this, it is necessary to invest in educating our Healthcare professionals both during their degree and after, in implementing a brief intervention in our health systems, implementing a telephonic assistance line, and improving our National Healthcare System’s ability to meet the needs of the people.
Introduction: Tobacco consumption is one of the main preventable causes of premature death. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provides a guideline to help reduce the prevalence of tobacco consumption and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The overall goals will only be met when the current smokers cease their consumption, and having professional assistance significantly increases their success rate. Goals: Assess the Portuguese population’s tobacco behaviours, their motivation to quit smoking, and the difficulties of tobacco cessation, as well as the awareness, and use, of tobacco cessation resources by the population. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The data was collected through computer-assisted telephonic interviews, given by skilled interviewers who were selected by the company GfK Metris, Portugal, between June and July 2012. The questionnaire was applied to a stratified, and verging on representative sample of the Portuguese population residing on the mainland, with a cooperation rate of 96%. Results: There were 1002 participants, of which 52,4% were women, with an average age of 46,5 ± 17,9 years. The general prevalence of tobacco consumption was 22,2%: 27,0% in males and 17,7% in women, p<0,001; 29,1% in those below 45 years, and 14,8% in those above 45 years, p<0,001. Of those below the age of 45, 13,8% stopped smoking; while of those above 45 years, 28,3% are former smokers, p<0,001. Among smokers, 63% have a low level of nicotinic dependence and 79,3% are in the pre-contemplation stage for change. Both consumption cessation altogether (59,8%) and ceasing attempts (51,1%) were triggered mostly by health reasons. Only 18,8% of the smokers and 10% of former smokers had to professional support to quit smoking. Nicotine withdrawal and habits associated with smoking were the most difficult aspects to overcome. The General Practitioner (77,9%) and the pharmacists (14,3%) were the professionals most associated with tobacco cessation support; the places mentioned as the ones to ask help for were the health centre (75,2%), the hospital (21,9%), and the pharmacy (9,4%). Conclusions: Discussing smoking as well as advising and supporting tobacco cessation is fundamental to improving the health of the Portuguese people. The flaws detected in professional support for cessation must be eradicated with an incentive to a systematic, proactive, and adequate approach. For this, it is necessary to invest in educating our Healthcare professionals both during their degree and after, in implementing a brief intervention in our health systems, implementing a telephonic assistance line, and improving our National Healthcare System’s ability to meet the needs of the people.
Description
Keywords
Cessação Tabágica Medicina Preventiva Saúde Pública Tabagismo