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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação, submetida em cumprimento dos requisitos para o grau de Mestre em Ciências
Farmacêuticas, foi concluída como parte da unidade curricular de estágio e consiste em dois
capítulos.
O primeiro capítulo diz respeito à componente de investigação, focando-se no estudo por
ressonância magnética nuclear de biomarcadores de depressão em idosos da Beira Interior. A
depressão é o problema de saúde mais prevalente na União Europeia, afetando aproximadamente
50 milhões de pessoas. Portugal ocupa o quinto lugar entre os países europeus com o maior
número de casos de depressão, com cerca de 8% da população portuguesa diagnosticada com esta
condição. Entre os idosos, a incidência e prevalência de depressão major duplicam entre os 70 e
os 85 anos. Fatores associados a uma maior predisposição para a depressão incluem o género
feminino, a genética, o isolamento social, viuvez ou divórcio, condições socioeconómicas baixas,
comorbilidades, incapacidade funcional, alterações cerebrais devido a problemas vasculares,
disfunção cognitiva, certos medicamentos, polifarmácia e dependência de álcool. A fisiopatologia
da depressão é complexa e não totalmente compreendida, com muitas causas primariamente
ligadas a vários fatores de risco. Portanto, a descoberta de novos biomarcadores capazes de
elucidar esses mecanismos é crucial. Neste estudo, os níveis de metabolitos plasmáticos foram
comparados entre 251 idosos residentes em estruturas residenciais para idosos da Beira Interior,
incluindo um grupo de controlo sem depressão e grupos com depressão em monoterapia, terapia
dupla e politerapia com antidepressivos. Todas as amostras foram adquiridas num espectrómetro
BRUKER AVANCE III 600 MHz NMR equipado com uma criossonda de ressonância quádrupla.
Foram utilizadas sequências de pulso unidimensionais (NOESY, CPMG) e bidimensionais (J-res,
HMBC, HSQC) para identificar e quantificar os metabolitos. A análise estatística univariada
revelou diferenças significativas nos perfis metabólicos da leucina, prolina e citrato entre o grupo
de controlo e os grupos de idosos com terapêutica antidepressiva. Estas diferenças parecem ser
uma ferramenta promissora para o diagnóstico clínico e avaliação do prognóstico da depressão.
O Capítulo II detalha a minha experiência profissional durante o estágio curricular na Farmácia
Tavares de Matos, que decorreu de 5 de fevereiro a 21 de junho de 2024, sob a supervisão do Dr.
Ricardo Barreiros, diretor técnico da farmácia, e da Dra. Andreia Miguel. Neste capítulo, descrevo
as minhas funções como estagiária, diversas experiências ao nível do aconselhamento
farmacêutico, os procedimentos operacionais da farmácia e as responsabilidades diárias de um
farmacêutico comunitário.
This dissertation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences, was completed as part of the curricular internship unit and consists of two chapters. The first chapter pertains to the research component, focusing on the nuclear magnetic resonance study of depression biomarkers in elderly individuals from Beira Interior. Depression is the most prevalent health issue in the European Union, affecting approximately 50 million people. Portugal ranks fifth among European countries with the highest number of depression cases, with approximately 8% of the Portuguese population diagnosed with this condition. Among the elderly, the incidence and prevalence of major depression double between the ages of 70 and 85. Factors associated with a higher predisposition to depression include female gender, genetics, social isolation, widowhood or divorce, low socioeconomic conditions, comorbidities, functional impairment, brain changes due to vascular problems, cognitive dysfunction, certain drugs, polypharmacy, and alcohol dependence. The physiopathology of depression is complex and not entirely understood, with many causes primarily linked to various risk factors. Therefore, the discovery of new biomarkers capable of elucidating these mechanisms is crucial. In this study, plasma metabolite levels were compared among 251 elderly residents of long-term care facilities in Beira Interior, including a control group without depression and groups with depression undergoing monotherapy, double therapy, and polytherapy with antidepressants. All samples were acquired on a BRUKER AVANCE III 600 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a quadruple resonance cryoprobe. One-dimensional (NOESY, CPMG) and two-dimensional (J-res, HMBC, HSQC) pulse sequences were used to identify and quantify the metabolites. Univariate statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the metabolic profiles of leucine, proline, and citrate between the control group and the antidepressant therapy study groups. These differences appear to be a promising tool for the clinical diagnosis and outcome assessment of depression. Chapter II details my professional experience during my curricular internship at Farmácia Tavares de Matos, which took place from February 5 to June 21, 2024, under the supervision of Dr. Ricardo Barreiros, the technical director of the pharmacy, and Dr. Andreia Miguel. In this chapter, I describe my duties as an intern, various experiences in pharmaceutical counselling, the pharmacy's operational procedures, and the daily responsibilities of a community pharmacist.
This dissertation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences, was completed as part of the curricular internship unit and consists of two chapters. The first chapter pertains to the research component, focusing on the nuclear magnetic resonance study of depression biomarkers in elderly individuals from Beira Interior. Depression is the most prevalent health issue in the European Union, affecting approximately 50 million people. Portugal ranks fifth among European countries with the highest number of depression cases, with approximately 8% of the Portuguese population diagnosed with this condition. Among the elderly, the incidence and prevalence of major depression double between the ages of 70 and 85. Factors associated with a higher predisposition to depression include female gender, genetics, social isolation, widowhood or divorce, low socioeconomic conditions, comorbidities, functional impairment, brain changes due to vascular problems, cognitive dysfunction, certain drugs, polypharmacy, and alcohol dependence. The physiopathology of depression is complex and not entirely understood, with many causes primarily linked to various risk factors. Therefore, the discovery of new biomarkers capable of elucidating these mechanisms is crucial. In this study, plasma metabolite levels were compared among 251 elderly residents of long-term care facilities in Beira Interior, including a control group without depression and groups with depression undergoing monotherapy, double therapy, and polytherapy with antidepressants. All samples were acquired on a BRUKER AVANCE III 600 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a quadruple resonance cryoprobe. One-dimensional (NOESY, CPMG) and two-dimensional (J-res, HMBC, HSQC) pulse sequences were used to identify and quantify the metabolites. Univariate statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the metabolic profiles of leucine, proline, and citrate between the control group and the antidepressant therapy study groups. These differences appear to be a promising tool for the clinical diagnosis and outcome assessment of depression. Chapter II details my professional experience during my curricular internship at Farmácia Tavares de Matos, which took place from February 5 to June 21, 2024, under the supervision of Dr. Ricardo Barreiros, the technical director of the pharmacy, and Dr. Andreia Miguel. In this chapter, I describe my duties as an intern, various experiences in pharmaceutical counselling, the pharmacy's operational procedures, and the daily responsibilities of a community pharmacist.
Description
Keywords
Depressão Farmácia Comunitária Idosos Metabolómica Rmn