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Avaliação das Experiências de Discriminação e da sua Relação com os Sintomas Psicopatológicos em Estudantes do Ensino Superior Português
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Authors
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A discriminação é um fenómeno que tem vindo a ser estudado pelas ciências
sociais e humanas, sendo definido como um comportamento enviesado, que abrange
situações de tratamento diferencial injustas perante um grupo, assim como de
favorecimento de outros, trazendo desvantagens entre os grupos e resultando em
sofrimento significativo. A discriminação pode ser motivada por diversas características
como: a raça/etnia; o género; a idade; o tamanho/peso; a orientação sexual; a forma de
vestir; a religião; a deficiência, entre outros. Este fenómeno está presente nas várias áreas
da vida, como nas relações interpessoais, no contexto educacional, no contexto
organizacional e na saúde. Os estudantes universitários são também afetados por este
fenómeno em diversos contextos. Estas experiências impactam a saúde física e mental das
vítimas, estando associadas a níveis psicopatológicos mais elevados.
Método: Com o objetivo de avaliar a presença de sintomatologia psicopatológica e a
presença de discriminação nos estudantes universitários dos cursos de medicina e
psicologia da Universidade da Beira Interior foi construído um protocolo constituído por
um questionário sociodemográfico, o GAD-7 para avaliar os sintomas de ansiedade, o PHQ9 para avaliar os sintomas depressivos e a EDE para avaliar as experiências de
discriminação.
Resultados: Participaram neste estudo 404 estudantes dos cursos de medicina e psicologia
da Universidade da Beira Interior, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 52 anos
(M=20.79; DP=3.42). Destes 83.3% pertenciam ao género feminino e 16% ao género
masculino. Os resultados demonstraram que 94% dos estudantes do ensino superior
avaliados relatam pelo menos uma situação de tratamento diferencial e que as experiências
de discriminação variam de acordo com as variáveis sociodemográficas curso, ano
curricular, género, orientação sexual, raça, nacionalidade, nível socioeconómico, religião,
posicionamento político, tamanho físico, idade, deficiência e doença cronica. Foi também
encontrada a presença de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão na população em estudo,
sendo que 58,1% dos estudantes referiu algum nível de ansiedade e 34,7% descreveram
níveis moderados a severos de sintomas depressivos. As correlações realizadas
demonstraram uma relação entre os sintomas psicopatológicos e as experiências
discriminatórias, existindo uma correlação significativa, positiva e forte entre a
discriminação e os sintomas de depressão (r=.409; p<.001) e uma correlação significativa,
positiva e moderada entre os sintomas de ansiedade e a discriminação (r=.262; p<.001). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram que experiências de tratamento diferencial estão
presentes na realidade dos estudantes de medicina e psicologia da Universidade da Beira
Interior, em variadas situações do quotidiano, pelo que as instituições de ensino superior
deveriam investir na implementação de projetos de prevenção e promoção da inclusão no
ambiente académico.
Introduction: Discrimination is a phenomenon that has been studied by the humanities and social sciences. It is defined as a biased behavior that encompasses situations of unfair differential treatment towards one group, as well as favoring others, bringing disadvantages between groups and resulting in significant suffering. Discrimination can be motivated by various characteristics such as: race/ethnicity; gender; age; size/weight; sexual orientation; way of dressing; religion; disability, among others. This phenomenon is present in various areas of life, such as interpersonal relationships, the educational context, the organizational context and health. University students are also affected by this phenomenon in various contexts. These experiences have an impact on the victims' physical and mental health and are associated with higher psychopathological levels. Method: In order to assess the presence of psychopathological symptoms and the presence of discrimination in university students from the medicine and psychology courses at the University of Beira Interior, a protocol was constructed consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the GAD-7 to assess anxiety symptoms, the PHQ-9 to assess depressive symptoms and the EDE to assess experiences of discrimination. Results: 404 students from the medicine and psychology courses at the University of Beira Interior took part in this study, aged between 18 and 52 (M=20.79; SD=3.42). Of these, 83.3% were female and 16% male. The results showed that 94% of the university students evaluated reported at least one situation of differential treatment and that their experiences of discrimination varied according to the sociodemographic variables course, year of study, gender, sexual orientation, race, nationality, socioeconomic level, religion, political position, physical size, age, disability and chronic illness. The studied population was also found to have symptoms of anxiety and depression, with 58.1% of students reporting some level of anxiety and 34.7% describing moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms. Correlations showed a relationship between psychopathological symptoms and discriminatory experiences, with a significant, positive and strong correlation between discrimination and symptoms of depression (r=.409; p<.001) and a significant, positive and moderate correlation between symptoms of anxiety and discrimination (r=.262; p<.001). Conclusion: The results showed that experiences of differential treatment are present in the reality of medical and psychology students at the University of Beira Interior, in a variety of everyday situations, which is why higher education institutions should invest in implementing projects to prevent and promote inclusion in the academic environment.
Introduction: Discrimination is a phenomenon that has been studied by the humanities and social sciences. It is defined as a biased behavior that encompasses situations of unfair differential treatment towards one group, as well as favoring others, bringing disadvantages between groups and resulting in significant suffering. Discrimination can be motivated by various characteristics such as: race/ethnicity; gender; age; size/weight; sexual orientation; way of dressing; religion; disability, among others. This phenomenon is present in various areas of life, such as interpersonal relationships, the educational context, the organizational context and health. University students are also affected by this phenomenon in various contexts. These experiences have an impact on the victims' physical and mental health and are associated with higher psychopathological levels. Method: In order to assess the presence of psychopathological symptoms and the presence of discrimination in university students from the medicine and psychology courses at the University of Beira Interior, a protocol was constructed consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the GAD-7 to assess anxiety symptoms, the PHQ-9 to assess depressive symptoms and the EDE to assess experiences of discrimination. Results: 404 students from the medicine and psychology courses at the University of Beira Interior took part in this study, aged between 18 and 52 (M=20.79; SD=3.42). Of these, 83.3% were female and 16% male. The results showed that 94% of the university students evaluated reported at least one situation of differential treatment and that their experiences of discrimination varied according to the sociodemographic variables course, year of study, gender, sexual orientation, race, nationality, socioeconomic level, religion, political position, physical size, age, disability and chronic illness. The studied population was also found to have symptoms of anxiety and depression, with 58.1% of students reporting some level of anxiety and 34.7% describing moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms. Correlations showed a relationship between psychopathological symptoms and discriminatory experiences, with a significant, positive and strong correlation between discrimination and symptoms of depression (r=.409; p<.001) and a significant, positive and moderate correlation between symptoms of anxiety and discrimination (r=.262; p<.001). Conclusion: The results showed that experiences of differential treatment are present in the reality of medical and psychology students at the University of Beira Interior, in a variety of everyday situations, which is why higher education institutions should invest in implementing projects to prevent and promote inclusion in the academic environment.
Description
Keywords
Discriminação Estudantes Universitários Sintomas Psicopatológicos