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Abstract(s)
A doença mental é, frequentemente, citada como a doença do século XXI, podendo mesmo, num futuro próximo, tornar-se num caso de saúde pública. Deste modo, a justificação para pertinência deste estudo recai sobre o «possível» aumento, anunciado pela comunicação social e por estudos científicos já realizados, da maior incidência de perturbações mentais nas sociedades actuais desenvolvidas e, consequentemente, uma maior disseminação do risco e da vulnerabilidade à exclusão social. Todavia, este trabalho não recai sobre as causas sociais da doença mental, centra-se, sobretudo, na doença mental enquanto factor de vulnerabilidade à exclusão social, procurando identificar e compreender as desvantagens que podem ocorrer quando um indivíduo possui um diagnóstico de depressão ou de esquizofrenia.
No actual contexto social e político, pode-se referir que, por um lado, em Portugal o processo de desinstitucionalização da doença mental está ainda em curso e de forma lenta. Por outro lado e em simultâneo, o processo de reestruturação dos cuidados de saúde mental, está, ainda, muito aquém das necessidades existentes. Deste modo, as vulnerabilidades à exclusão social de um indivíduo com uma doença mental, mais concretamente com depressão e/ou esquizofrenia, variam conforme a gravidade da doença e o trajecto que esta possa implicar na relação entre os quatro pilares fundamentais da sociedade: o Estado, o trabalho, a comunidade e a família.
A abordagem que se pretende atribuir visa um enquadramento biopsicossocial, através de uma perspectiva multidimensional, mas enfatizando uma posição sociológica perante o problema social em causa. Este estudo realiza-se através de uma metodologia qualitativa e/ou compreensiva, pelo facto de o seu principal objectivo ser a compreensão deste fenómeno social e/ou a relação entre os dois fenómenos sociais, exclusão social e a doença mental. O contexto sob investigação foi o português, mais concretamente em Portugal continental, nas regiões mais representativas em termos estatísticos (Norte Litoral, Centro Interior e Litoral e Vale do Tejo), quer ao nível das instituições que prestam serviço de saúde mental, como também ao nível das patologias seleccionadas. Desta forma, foram realizadas entrevistas a profissionais de saúde (psiquiatras e clínicos gerais) e outros (técnicos de serviço social) e a utentes com um diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e/ou depressão.
Mental illness is often quoted as the disease of the 20th century and may even, in a near future, become a case of public health. Thus, the justification for the relevance of this study lies in the "possible" increase of a higher incidence of mental disorders in developed societies today and consequently in a greater spread of risk and vulnerability to social exclusion, which has been announced by the media and scientific studies already made. However, this work does not lie on the social causes of mental illness, it focuses mostly on mental illness as a factor of vulnerability to social exclusion, seeking to identify and understand the disadvantages that can occur when a person is diagnosed with schizophrenia or depression. In the current social and political context, it can be noted that on one hand, in Portugal the process of deinstitutionalization of mental illness is still in a slow progress. On the other hand and simultaneously, the process of restructuring of mental health care is still very short of needs. Thus, the vulnerability to social exclusion in a person with a mental illness, specifically depression and/or schizophrenia, vary according the seriousness of the disease and its course that may imply the relationship between the four main pillars of society: state, work, community and family. This approach aims a biopsychosocial framework through a multidimensional perspective, but emphasizes a sociological position towards the social problem in question. This study is carried out through a qualitative and/or comprehensive methodology, because its main goal is to understand this social phenomenon and/or the relationship between the two social phenomena, social exclusion and mental illness. The context under investigation is the Portuguese, more specifically in Portugal (mainland), in the most representative regions in statistical terms (North Coast, Central Coast, Inland and the Vale do Tejo), both in terms of institutions that provide mental health services, as well as the level of selected pathologies. Hence, there were conducted interviews to health professionals (psychiatrists and general practitioners) and other (social service) and users with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or depression.
Mental illness is often quoted as the disease of the 20th century and may even, in a near future, become a case of public health. Thus, the justification for the relevance of this study lies in the "possible" increase of a higher incidence of mental disorders in developed societies today and consequently in a greater spread of risk and vulnerability to social exclusion, which has been announced by the media and scientific studies already made. However, this work does not lie on the social causes of mental illness, it focuses mostly on mental illness as a factor of vulnerability to social exclusion, seeking to identify and understand the disadvantages that can occur when a person is diagnosed with schizophrenia or depression. In the current social and political context, it can be noted that on one hand, in Portugal the process of deinstitutionalization of mental illness is still in a slow progress. On the other hand and simultaneously, the process of restructuring of mental health care is still very short of needs. Thus, the vulnerability to social exclusion in a person with a mental illness, specifically depression and/or schizophrenia, vary according the seriousness of the disease and its course that may imply the relationship between the four main pillars of society: state, work, community and family. This approach aims a biopsychosocial framework through a multidimensional perspective, but emphasizes a sociological position towards the social problem in question. This study is carried out through a qualitative and/or comprehensive methodology, because its main goal is to understand this social phenomenon and/or the relationship between the two social phenomena, social exclusion and mental illness. The context under investigation is the Portuguese, more specifically in Portugal (mainland), in the most representative regions in statistical terms (North Coast, Central Coast, Inland and the Vale do Tejo), both in terms of institutions that provide mental health services, as well as the level of selected pathologies. Hence, there were conducted interviews to health professionals (psychiatrists and general practitioners) and other (social service) and users with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or depression.
Description
Keywords
Doença mental - Inclusão social Doença mental - Exclusão social