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A Insuficiência Cardíaca é uma entidade nosológica importante e bastante comum em todo o Mundo. Síndrome com alta prevalência e com tendência a aumentar apesar dos avanços terapêuticos. O conhecimento desta entidade tem crescido nos últimos anos, materializado nomeadamente nas guidelines sempre em atualização. As novas guidelines estabelecidas pela Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia em 2016 definem um novo termo na classificação da Insuficiência Cardíaca, uma nova classificação para a Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda e novos algoritmos para o diagnóstico e tratamento da Insuficiência Cardíaca e Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda. A presente dissertação debruça-se essencialmente na nova abordagem clinica da Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda.
A Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda é uma síndrome heterogénea que se manifesta essencialmente por dispneia, fadiga e edemas periféricos. Devido a inespecificidade dos sinais e sintomas que caracterizam esta entidade clinica o diagnóstico pode ser difícil e necessita de confirmação com exames complementares de diagnóstico, como eletrocardiograma, raio X torácico, ecocardiograma e análise laboratorial, valorizando especialmente os biomarcadores associados a esta entidade.
A abordagem clínica passa inicialmente pela estabilização cardiopulmonar do doente seguida pela identificação e correção de causas e fatores precipitantes que põem a vida do doente em risco. Após confirmação do diagnóstico e determinação do perfil clínico que o doente apresenta segue-se o tratamento individualizado e que assenta na tradicional terapêutica, que tem como base o uso de oxigénio, diuréticos e vasodilatadores.
Cardiac Insufficiency is an important and rather common nosological entity in the whole world. It is a syndrome with high prevalence and tending to increase in spite of the therapeutic advances. The knowledge of this entity has been growing for the last few years, materialised namely on the always updating guidelines. The new guidelines established by the European Society of Cardiology in 2016 define a new term in the classification of Cardiac Insufficiency , a new classification for Acute Cardiac Insufficiency and new algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of Cardiac Insufficiency. This essay is essentially about the new clinical approach of Acute Cardiac Insufficiency. The Acute Cardiac Insufficiency is a heterogeneous syndrome which manifests itself essentially by dyspnea, fatigue and peripheral edema. Because of the lack of specifity of the signs and symptoms which characterize this clinical entity, diagnosis can be difficult and needing confirmation with diagnostic complementary exams, like the ECG, thoracic X-ray, echocardiogram and laboratory analysis, specifically from the related biomarkers. The initial clinical approach mandates the cardiopulmonary stabilization of the patient followed by the identification and correction of precipitating causes and factors that put the patient's life at risk. After the confirmation of the diagnosis and the determination of the clinical profiles it is necessary to proceed the individualized treatment which is based on the traditional therapeutic, especially on the use of oxygen, diuretics and vasodilators.
Cardiac Insufficiency is an important and rather common nosological entity in the whole world. It is a syndrome with high prevalence and tending to increase in spite of the therapeutic advances. The knowledge of this entity has been growing for the last few years, materialised namely on the always updating guidelines. The new guidelines established by the European Society of Cardiology in 2016 define a new term in the classification of Cardiac Insufficiency , a new classification for Acute Cardiac Insufficiency and new algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of Cardiac Insufficiency. This essay is essentially about the new clinical approach of Acute Cardiac Insufficiency. The Acute Cardiac Insufficiency is a heterogeneous syndrome which manifests itself essentially by dyspnea, fatigue and peripheral edema. Because of the lack of specifity of the signs and symptoms which characterize this clinical entity, diagnosis can be difficult and needing confirmation with diagnostic complementary exams, like the ECG, thoracic X-ray, echocardiogram and laboratory analysis, specifically from the related biomarkers. The initial clinical approach mandates the cardiopulmonary stabilization of the patient followed by the identification and correction of precipitating causes and factors that put the patient's life at risk. After the confirmation of the diagnosis and the determination of the clinical profiles it is necessary to proceed the individualized treatment which is based on the traditional therapeutic, especially on the use of oxygen, diuretics and vasodilators.
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Biomarcadores Insuficiência Cardíaca Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda Perfis Clínicos Tratamento