| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 879.78 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
IntroduĆ§Ć£o: A Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 Ć© o tipo de diabetes mais comum, representando
mais de 90% de todos os tipos de diabetes no mundo. Nas Ćŗltimas dĆ©cadas, a prevalĆŖncia
e a incidĆŖncia da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 aumentaram drasticamente, em todo o mundo.
Existe uma ampla variedade de fatores de risco que contribuem para o desenvolvimento
da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Entre eles Ć© de destacar a obesidade e a distribuiĆ§Ć£o da
gordura corporal. A obesidade, no geral, Ć© mais comum nas mulheres que nos homens.
No entanto, os homens apresentam obesidade em idades mais jovens. As diferenƧas
sexuais na composiĆ§Ć£o e na distribuiĆ§Ć£o da gordura corporal sĆ£o um forte fator de risco
metabĆ³lico e cardiovascular, e contribuem de forma bastante clara para a diversificaĆ§Ć£o
do risco de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 entre os homens e mulheres. Esta distribuiĆ§Ć£o Ć©
influenciada por vƔrios fatores, incluindo o estado hormonal. Atualmente, existe uma
discussĆ£o sobre quais os melhores Ćndices antropomĆ©tricos associados ao risco de
Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. O Ćndice de massa corporal ainda Ć© a medida preferencial de
gordura corporal usada em ambiente clĆnico para identificar indivĆduos com excesso de
peso e obesidade, e com risco de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. No entanto, o Ćndice de massa
corporal nĆ£o diferencia composiƧƵes e distribuiƧƵes corporais e falha em quantificar o
verdadeiro risco de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Novos e outros Ćndices antropomĆ©tricos
aparecem na literatura como sugestivos de uma maior precisĆ£o para a Diabetes Mellitus
tipo 2.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho Ć© descrever as diferenƧas na composiĆ§Ć£o corporal
nos homens e nas mulheres, e de que forma estas constituem maior ou menor risco do
desenvolvimento de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. AlĆ©m disso, atravĆ©s destes novos Ćndices
antropomĆ©tricos, pretende tambĆ©m avaliar se a patologia pode interferir na composiĆ§Ć£o
e no padrĆ£o de distribuiĆ§Ć£o da gordura, contribuindo assim para uma compreensĆ£o mais
aprofundada dos mecanismos subjacentes Ć associaĆ§Ć£o entre sexo, composiĆ§Ć£o corporal
e risco de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.
Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliogrƔfica e uma recolha de artigos
originais, publicados nos Ćŗltimos 5 anos, entre 2019 e 2023, na base de dados online
PubMed. Esta foi feita atravĆ©s da combinaĆ§Ć£o de vĆ”rias palavras-chaves nomeadamente:
āBMIā (Body Mass Index), āWCā (Waist Circumference), āWHRā (Waist to Hip Ratio),
āWHtRā (Waist to Height Ratio) e āDIABETESā, com o operador booleano āANDā. Desta
pesquisa resultaram 77 artigos, selecionaram-se 18 artigos com base na maior relevĆ¢ncia
para o tema a abordar seguindo os critĆ©rios de inclusĆ£o (artigos originais; artigos publicados nos Ćŗltimos 5 anos (entre 2019 e 2023); artigos em que se avaliam os quatro
Ćndices antropomĆ©tricos: Ćndice de massa corporal, perĆmetro de cintura, rĆ”cio cinturaanca e rĆ”cio cintura-altura; artigos que analisem ambos os sexos) e de exclusĆ£o (artigos
escritos em idioma que nĆ£o inglĆŖs; artigos que nĆ£o foi possĆvel encontrar a versĆ£o
completa; artigos sobre a Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em doenƧas especĆficas (por exemplo
HipertensĆ£o arterial ou VĆrus da ImunodeficiĆŖncia Humana); artigos que nĆ£o incluĆam
os 4 Ćndices antropomĆ©tricos: Ćndice de massa corporal, perĆmetro de cintura, rĆ”cio
cintura-anca e rƔcio cintura-altura).
ConclusĆ£o: Com esta revisĆ£o, conclui-se que existe diferenƧas na distribuiĆ§Ć£o da
gordura corporal entre homens e mulheres com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Destaca-se a
necessidade de estratĆ©gias de intervenĆ§Ć£o mais direcionadas e sensĆveis ao sexo na
prĆ”tica clĆnica e uma visĆ£o diferenciada nas diferenƧas sexuais. Entre os Ćndices
analisados, o perĆmetro de cintura e o rĆ”cio cintura-altura parecem ser os mais plausĆveis
na aplicaĆ§Ć£o da prĆ”tica clĆnica. AlĆ©m disso, corroboram a importĆ¢ncia da atenĆ§Ć£o a
prestar no tipo de distribuiĆ§Ć£o da gordura corporal nos pacientes. Contudo, os pontos de
corte devem ser aprofundados e estudados conforme as populaƧƵes que serĆ£o aplicados.
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, representing over 90% of all types of this condition worldwide. In recent decades, the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus have increased dramatically around the world. There is a wide range of risk factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is worth highlighting the obesity and body fat distribution. Overall, obesity is more common in women than in men. However, men tend to experience obesity at younger ages. Sexual differences in body fat composition and distribution are strong metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, significantly contributing to the diversification of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk between men and women. This distribution is influenced by various factors, including hormonal status. Currently, there is an ongoing discussion about the best anthropometric indices associated with the risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Body Mass Index remains the preferred clinical body fat measure used to identify individuals with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. However, body mass index fails to differentiate body compositions and distributions and falls short in accurately quantifying the true risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. New and alternative anthropometric indices are emerging in the literature, suggesting increased precision in predicting this chronic disease risk. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe differences in body composition between men and women and how these differences contribute to increase or decrease the risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Additionally, through the use of these new anthropometric indices, the study aims to evaluate whether the pathology can influence fat composition and distribution patterns, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking gender, body composition, and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. Methodology: A bibliographic search and collection of original articles published, between 2019 and 2023, were conducted using the PubMed online database. This was achieved by combining several keywords, including āBMIā (Body Mass Index), āWCā (Waist Circumference), āWHRā (Waist to Hip Ratio), āWHtRā (Waist to Height Ratio) and "DIABETES," with the Boolean operator "AND." The search resulted in 77 articles, of which 18 were selected based on their relevance to the topic, following inclusion criteria (original articles; articles published in the last 5 years; articles assessing the four anthropometric indices: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio; articles analyzing both genders) and exclusion criteria (articles in languages other than English; articles with unavailable full versions; articles on type 2 diabetes mellitus in specific diseases such as hypertension or human immunodeficiency virus; articles not including all four anthropometric indices: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio). Conclusion: With this review, it has been concluded that there are differences in the distribution of body fat between men and women with type 2 diabetes. It is decisive the need for intervention strategies in clinical practice more targeted and sensitive to sex as well as a differentiated approach to gender disparities. Among the indices analyzed, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio seem to be the most plausible for application in clinical practice. Furthermore, they sustain the importance of paying attention to the type of body fat distribution in patients. However, cutoff points should be further explored and studied according to the populations to which they will be applied.
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, representing over 90% of all types of this condition worldwide. In recent decades, the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus have increased dramatically around the world. There is a wide range of risk factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is worth highlighting the obesity and body fat distribution. Overall, obesity is more common in women than in men. However, men tend to experience obesity at younger ages. Sexual differences in body fat composition and distribution are strong metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, significantly contributing to the diversification of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk between men and women. This distribution is influenced by various factors, including hormonal status. Currently, there is an ongoing discussion about the best anthropometric indices associated with the risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Body Mass Index remains the preferred clinical body fat measure used to identify individuals with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. However, body mass index fails to differentiate body compositions and distributions and falls short in accurately quantifying the true risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. New and alternative anthropometric indices are emerging in the literature, suggesting increased precision in predicting this chronic disease risk. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe differences in body composition between men and women and how these differences contribute to increase or decrease the risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Additionally, through the use of these new anthropometric indices, the study aims to evaluate whether the pathology can influence fat composition and distribution patterns, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking gender, body composition, and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. Methodology: A bibliographic search and collection of original articles published, between 2019 and 2023, were conducted using the PubMed online database. This was achieved by combining several keywords, including āBMIā (Body Mass Index), āWCā (Waist Circumference), āWHRā (Waist to Hip Ratio), āWHtRā (Waist to Height Ratio) and "DIABETES," with the Boolean operator "AND." The search resulted in 77 articles, of which 18 were selected based on their relevance to the topic, following inclusion criteria (original articles; articles published in the last 5 years; articles assessing the four anthropometric indices: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio; articles analyzing both genders) and exclusion criteria (articles in languages other than English; articles with unavailable full versions; articles on type 2 diabetes mellitus in specific diseases such as hypertension or human immunodeficiency virus; articles not including all four anthropometric indices: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio). Conclusion: With this review, it has been concluded that there are differences in the distribution of body fat between men and women with type 2 diabetes. It is decisive the need for intervention strategies in clinical practice more targeted and sensitive to sex as well as a differentiated approach to gender disparities. Among the indices analyzed, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio seem to be the most plausible for application in clinical practice. Furthermore, they sustain the importance of paying attention to the type of body fat distribution in patients. However, cutoff points should be further explored and studied according to the populations to which they will be applied.
Description
Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Dismorfismo Sexual Gordura Corporal Imc Ćndices AntropomĆ©tricos