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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas,
encontra-se dividida em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo refere-se ao trabalho de
investigação sobre o potencial da canábis medicinal para o tratamento da doença de
Huntington e o segundo diz respeito à componente de estágio em Farmácia
Comunitária, nomeadamente, a Farmácia Central, sob supervisão do Dr. Tiago Santos.
A Cannabis sativa é uma planta de origem asiática, cujos componentes têm vindo a ser
utilizadas pelo ser humano tanto a nível terapêutico como recreativo. O seu uso para
fins medicinais foi relatado pela primeira vez há 5000 anos pelo imperador chinês
Cheng Nung, autor da primeira farmacopeia do mesmo país, para casos de fadiga,
reumatismo e malária. No século 20, a planta foi removida da farmacopeia britânica e a
sua produção, posse e venda foi também criminalizada nos Estados Unidos devido às
suas propriedades psicoativas. A descoberta do sistema endocanabinóide no final dos
anos 90, reacendeu o interesse por esta planta de ponto de vista medicinal.
O aumento do conhecimento relativamente aos diferentes tipos de canabinóides,
demonstrou que estes apresentam propriedades neuroprotetoras, antioxidantes e antiinflamatórias, de elevado interesse para patologias progressivas do sistema nervoso
central, de mecanismo desconhecido e tratamento dificultado como a Doença de
Huntington. A Doença de Huntington (DH) é uma doença hereditária e sem cura, em
que ocorre uma diminuição da expressão de recetores CB1, levando ao aparecimento de
movimentos anormais e involuntários e declínio cognitivo, e consequente diminuição
de qualidade de vida do doente.
Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo analisar o impacto e avaliar o potencial da
canábis nesta doença, fazendo uma revisão sobre os estudos in vivo, in vitro e estudos
realizados em humanos publicados. A partir dos resultados obtidos podemos concluir
que os canabinóides atuam como agentes neuroprotetores em diferentes culturas
celulares e modelos animais e que têm potencial no alívio de capacidades motoras,
comportamentais e cognitivas em pacientes com DH. No entanto, é necessário um
maior número de estudos em seres humanos com amostra superior, para se obterem
resultados estatisticamente mais significantes.
O segundo capítulo resulta do estágio em Farmácia Comunitária realizado de 1 de
março a 9 de julho de 2021 na Farmácia Central, em São João da Madeira. Neste
capítulo está descrita toda a minha experiência profissionalizante durante este período, desde o funcionamento e organização da farmácia às atividades realizadas ao balcão e
no backoffice.
divided into two chapters. The first chapter is related to the research work on the potential of medicinal cannabis to treat Huntington's disease, and the second chapter focuses on the internship component in Community Pharmacy, specifically at Farmácia Central, under the supervision of Dr. Tiago Santos. Cannabis Sativa is a plant of Asian origin, whose parts have been used by humans for both therapeutic and recreational purposes. Its use for medicinal purposes was first reported 5.000 years ago by the Chinese emperor Cheng Nung, author of the country's first pharmacopoeia, for cases of fatigue, rheumatism, and malaria. In the 20th century, the plant was removed from the British pharmacopoeia, and its production, possession, and sale were also criminalized in the United States due to its psychoactive properties. The discovery of the endocannabinoid system in the late 1990s rekindled interest in this plant from a medicinal point of view. The increase in knowledge regarding different types of cannabinoids has demonstrated that they have neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which are highly relevant for progressive central nervous system pathologies with unknown mechanisms and difficult treatment, such as Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is an incurable hereditary disease in which there is a decrease in the expression of CB1 receptors, leading to the appearance of abnormal and involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and a consequent decrease in the patient's quality of life. The main objective of this study was to analyse the impact and assess the potential of cannabis in this disease, conducting a review of in vivo, in vitro, and human studies published. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that cannabinoids act as neuroprotective agents in different cell cultures and animal models, and they have the potential to alleviate motor, behavioural and cognitive abilities in patients with Huntington's disease. A greater number of studies in humans with larger samples are needed to obtain statistically more significant results. The second chapter is the result of the internship in Community Pharmacy carried out from March 1st to July 9th, 2021, at Farmácia Central in São João da Madeira. This chapter describes my entire professional experience during this period, from the functioning and organization of the pharmacy to the activities carried out at the counter and in the back office.
divided into two chapters. The first chapter is related to the research work on the potential of medicinal cannabis to treat Huntington's disease, and the second chapter focuses on the internship component in Community Pharmacy, specifically at Farmácia Central, under the supervision of Dr. Tiago Santos. Cannabis Sativa is a plant of Asian origin, whose parts have been used by humans for both therapeutic and recreational purposes. Its use for medicinal purposes was first reported 5.000 years ago by the Chinese emperor Cheng Nung, author of the country's first pharmacopoeia, for cases of fatigue, rheumatism, and malaria. In the 20th century, the plant was removed from the British pharmacopoeia, and its production, possession, and sale were also criminalized in the United States due to its psychoactive properties. The discovery of the endocannabinoid system in the late 1990s rekindled interest in this plant from a medicinal point of view. The increase in knowledge regarding different types of cannabinoids has demonstrated that they have neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which are highly relevant for progressive central nervous system pathologies with unknown mechanisms and difficult treatment, such as Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is an incurable hereditary disease in which there is a decrease in the expression of CB1 receptors, leading to the appearance of abnormal and involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and a consequent decrease in the patient's quality of life. The main objective of this study was to analyse the impact and assess the potential of cannabis in this disease, conducting a review of in vivo, in vitro, and human studies published. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that cannabinoids act as neuroprotective agents in different cell cultures and animal models, and they have the potential to alleviate motor, behavioural and cognitive abilities in patients with Huntington's disease. A greater number of studies in humans with larger samples are needed to obtain statistically more significant results. The second chapter is the result of the internship in Community Pharmacy carried out from March 1st to July 9th, 2021, at Farmácia Central in São João da Madeira. This chapter describes my entire professional experience during this period, from the functioning and organization of the pharmacy to the activities carried out at the counter and in the back office.
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Keywords
Canábis Doença de Huntington Farmácia Comunitária