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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Apesar de existir uma ampla variedade de opções contracetivas para as mulheres, os
métodos contracetivos masculinos estão limitados ao preservativo e à vasectomia. No
entanto, estes não constituem métodos contracetivos ideais, quer pela elevada taxa de
falha contracetiva, no caso do preservativo, quer pela reversibilidade nem sempre
assegurada com a vasectomia. Assim, é possível aferir a necessidade de novos métodos
contracetivos masculinos.
Os progressos observados nos últimos anos evidenciam o potencial promissor da
contraceção hormonal masculina, nomeadamente da formulação combinada de um
androgénio e um progestativo, tratando-se de um regime hormonal eficaz, reversível e
seguro a curto-prazo. Tal como sucede na contraceção hormonal feminina, os regimes
hormonais masculinos não estão desprovidos de riscos para a saúde dos homens,
incluindo o ganho ponderal, alteração da líbido, acne; porém, também concedem
benefícios para a saúde dos mesmos.
Vários estudos demonstram o interesse crescente perante o surgimento de novos
contracetivos masculinos, tanto por parte dos homens, como das mulheres. Contudo, o
apoio financeiro da indústria farmacêutica tem sido escasso e as preocupações
relativamente à segurança a longo-prazo destes métodos e à supressão incompleta da
espermatogénese em alguns homens são algumas das barreiras no desenvolvimento de
métodos contracetivos hormonais masculinos.
A contraceção hormonal feminina confere às mulheres a possibilidade de controlarem a
sua fertilidade, dispondo de diversos métodos eficazes na prevenção da gravidez. A
contraceção hormonal masculina poderá vir a conceder ao homem um papel mais ativo,
relativamente ao planeamento familiar, na medida em que, ao dispor de mais opções
contracetivas eficazes, o homem poderá ter a capacidade de prevenir a gravidez, de
forma independente da intervenção feminina. Em última instância, uma contraceção
hormonal masculina eficaz capacitará o homem de um poder de decisão equivalente ao
da mulher, reforçando a paridade que deve existir entre homens e mulheres, no que
toca à fertilidade do casal.
In a world where contraceptive options for women are so diversified, male contraception is presently restricted to the condom and vasectomy. However, these are not ideal contraceptive methods, not only because of the high rate of contraceptive failure, when it comes to the condom, but also because reversibility is not always assured with vasectomy. Thus, it is possible to assess one’s need for new male contraceptive methods. The progress accomplished in recent years reflects the promising potential of male hormonal contraception, namely the combined androgen and progestin formulation, as it is an effective, reversible, and safe hormonal regimen in the short-term. As seen with female hormonal contraception, male hormonal regimens lead to risks for men’s health, including weight gain, altered libido, acne; but they also provide health benefits. Several studies exhibit men’s and women’s growing interest in the emergence of new male contraceptives. However, financial support from the pharmaceutical industry has been lacking and concerns about the long-term safety of these methods and the incomplete spermatogenesis suppression in some men are some of the barriers in the generation of male hormonal contraceptive methods. Female hormonal contraception gives women the possibility to control their fertility, with several effective methods to prevent pregnancy. Male hormonal contraception may give men a more active role in family planning as, with more effective contraceptive options at their disposal, men may be able to prevent pregnancy, independently of female intervention. Ultimately, effective male hormonal contraception would provide men with decision-making power equal to that of women, reinforcing the parity that must exist between men and women in terms of couple fertility.
In a world where contraceptive options for women are so diversified, male contraception is presently restricted to the condom and vasectomy. However, these are not ideal contraceptive methods, not only because of the high rate of contraceptive failure, when it comes to the condom, but also because reversibility is not always assured with vasectomy. Thus, it is possible to assess one’s need for new male contraceptive methods. The progress accomplished in recent years reflects the promising potential of male hormonal contraception, namely the combined androgen and progestin formulation, as it is an effective, reversible, and safe hormonal regimen in the short-term. As seen with female hormonal contraception, male hormonal regimens lead to risks for men’s health, including weight gain, altered libido, acne; but they also provide health benefits. Several studies exhibit men’s and women’s growing interest in the emergence of new male contraceptives. However, financial support from the pharmaceutical industry has been lacking and concerns about the long-term safety of these methods and the incomplete spermatogenesis suppression in some men are some of the barriers in the generation of male hormonal contraceptive methods. Female hormonal contraception gives women the possibility to control their fertility, with several effective methods to prevent pregnancy. Male hormonal contraception may give men a more active role in family planning as, with more effective contraceptive options at their disposal, men may be able to prevent pregnancy, independently of female intervention. Ultimately, effective male hormonal contraception would provide men with decision-making power equal to that of women, reinforcing the parity that must exist between men and women in terms of couple fertility.
Description
Keywords
Progestativos Androgénios Contraceção Hormonal Masculina Oligospermia Planeamento Familiar