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Abstract(s)
As projeções demográficas indicam que, em 2050, a população mundial acima dos 60 anos será o dobro da atual. Por outro lado, também estão amplamente documentados, na literatura científica, os inquestionáveis benefícios que a prática de atividade física tem no bem-estar da população sénior. No entanto, são os idosos que possuem uma menor quantidade de atividade física. Assim, sabendo que as necessidades psicológicas básicas desempenham um papel fundamental na regulação do comportamento, nesta faixa etária, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar o impacto das necessidades psicológicas básicas, sobre a prática de atividade física e bem-estar em sujeitos idosos. Investigou-se, ainda, de que forma a perceção de bem-estar se faz distinguir, em função dos diferentes níveis da prática de atividade física. Para tal, foram adotados os seguintes passos: (i) validar, para a população sénior portuguesa, a Subjective Happiness Scale, Subjective Vitality Scale e a Basic Need Satisfaction General Scale; (ii) analisar o impacto da satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas, na globalidade da vida dos idosos, sobre a felicidade subjetiva, vitalidade subjetiva e prática de atividade física; (iii) estudar as diferenças das variáveis do bem-estar, em função da prática de atividade física. As principais conclusões que advêm do trabalho são as seguintes: (i) através das validações das escalas, foi encontrado um modelo de medida válido para avaliar a felicidade subjetiva, vitalidade subjetiva e satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas na generalidade da vida dos idosos portugueses; (ii) o valor global de satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas é preditivo de felicidade subjetiva e vitalidade subjetiva, não predizendo, diretamente, a prática de atividade física; (iii) de forma isolada, as necessidades de autonomia, relação e competência predizem a perceção de felicidade subjetiva e vitalidade subjetiva, sendo a necessidade de competência, a única que prediz positivamente, a prática de atividade física; (iv) existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas na perceção de felicidade subjetiva, e vitalidade subjetiva entre os diferentes níveis de atividade física. Em suma, podemos concluir que as necessidades psicológicas básicas têm um impacto positivo sobre o bem-estar dos idosos, e os que possuem uma maior quantidade de prática de atividade física são os que percecionam maiores níveis de felicidade subjetiva e vitalidade subjetiva.
According to current projections, in 2050, the world population over 60 years old will be the double than nowadays. The unquestionable benefits of physical activity to well-being in older population are widely documented by the scientific community. However, the older population is who practice less physical activity. On the other hand, the basic psychological needs play a fundamental part in behavior regulating in this age group. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to analyze the impact of basic psychological needs, on the physical activity practice and well-being in older population. We also investigated, how the feelings of well-being are distinguish in different levels of physical activity. For that, we adopted the following steps: (i) validate the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Subjective Vitality Scale and the Basic Needs Satisfaction General Scale for the Portuguese older population; (ii) analyze the impact of basic psychological needs in older people’s global life, about subjective happiness, subjective vitality and in physical activity practice; (iii) study the differences in well-being variables, according with physical activity levels of practice. The main conclusions are: (i) trough the scales validation, was found a valid measure model to assess the subjective happiness, the subjective vitality and the basic psychological needs in Portuguese older people’s life; (ii) results show that the perception of basic psychological needs in Portuguese older people’s life, are a positive predictor of subjective happiness and subjective vitality, and do not directly predict the practice of physical activity; (iii) the results verified that older people who perceive higher levels of competence practice more physical activity; (iv) it is also possible to conclude that older people who participate in more physical activities perceive greater levels of subjective happiness and subjective vitality. Therefore, we can conclude that basic psychological needs have a positive impact on well-being of the Portuguese older people and the biggest levels of physical activity practice, in this population type, are associated to high levels of subjective happiness and subjective vitality.
According to current projections, in 2050, the world population over 60 years old will be the double than nowadays. The unquestionable benefits of physical activity to well-being in older population are widely documented by the scientific community. However, the older population is who practice less physical activity. On the other hand, the basic psychological needs play a fundamental part in behavior regulating in this age group. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to analyze the impact of basic psychological needs, on the physical activity practice and well-being in older population. We also investigated, how the feelings of well-being are distinguish in different levels of physical activity. For that, we adopted the following steps: (i) validate the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Subjective Vitality Scale and the Basic Needs Satisfaction General Scale for the Portuguese older population; (ii) analyze the impact of basic psychological needs in older people’s global life, about subjective happiness, subjective vitality and in physical activity practice; (iii) study the differences in well-being variables, according with physical activity levels of practice. The main conclusions are: (i) trough the scales validation, was found a valid measure model to assess the subjective happiness, the subjective vitality and the basic psychological needs in Portuguese older people’s life; (ii) results show that the perception of basic psychological needs in Portuguese older people’s life, are a positive predictor of subjective happiness and subjective vitality, and do not directly predict the practice of physical activity; (iii) the results verified that older people who perceive higher levels of competence practice more physical activity; (iv) it is also possible to conclude that older people who participate in more physical activities perceive greater levels of subjective happiness and subjective vitality. Therefore, we can conclude that basic psychological needs have a positive impact on well-being of the Portuguese older people and the biggest levels of physical activity practice, in this population type, are associated to high levels of subjective happiness and subjective vitality.
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Keywords
Atividade Física - Terceira Idade Atividade Física - Idoso - Bem-estar Atividade Física - Idoso - Motivação