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Abstract(s)
A geotecnia é uma disciplina fundamental para o estudo e realização de projetos de engenharia
civil, pois o estudo prévio do tipo de solo onde a obra irá ser implantada vai influenciar o cálculo
das fundações. Sem esse estudo toda a estrutura pode estar em risco de sofrer deformações e
anomalias com o decorrer dos anos.
Esta dissertação de mestrado visa isso mesmo, foi realizado um estudo de parâmetros
geotécnicos de solos de alta montanha da serra da Estrela. Mais especificamente de locais em
vertentes e taludes de franca instabilidade. Sendo que a componente turística da serra atrai,
cada vez mais pessoas até ao topo da montanha e com elas a necessidade de construção de
melhores vias de comunicação, estacionamentos, hotéis e lojas de comércio.
Foram identificados três áreas de estudo, nomeadamente o vale da ribeira da Alforfa, o vale
do Zêzere e a cidade de Manteigas. Onde foram retiradas nove amostras e sujeitas a ensaios de
densidade de partículas, análises granulométricas, ensaios de azul-de-metileno e ensaios de
corte direto simples.
Os resultados obtidos mostram que o solo tem um comportamento não plástico, NP, que através
das análises granulométricas são solos preferencialmente SP-SM e SW-SM pela classificação
Unificada e A-2 e A-1-a pela ASTM. Os ensaios de azul-de-metileno vieram confirmar as
classificações anteriores classificando o solo entre o limiar do arenoso-siltoso e o arenosoargiloso
com argilas poucas ativas. Por sua vez, os ensaios de corte direto simples foram obtidos
mais frequentemente valores de 36° a 40° para o ângulo de atrito interno.
Todos os resultados obtidos foram interpretados e analisados no âmbito do objetivo final de
engenharia civil que é uma otimização do uso do solo e a construção de infraestruturas seguras
e duradouras.
Geotechnics is an elementary subject for the realization of civil engineering projects, because of the background knowledge on what type of soil the building will be deployed and the importance good calculation of foundations. Without this background knowledge all structure is in danger of suffer deformations and anomalies in futures years. This master's dissertation is about that idea, where a study of geotechnical parameters of high mountains soils of Estrela mountain is performed. To be more specific in areas of slopes and embankments of expressed instability. The touristic side of the site appeals, each time more people travel to the top of mountains and with the need for building better roads, parking areas, hotels and shopping areas. Three study areas were identified, namely Alforfa valley, Zêzere valley and Manteigas city. Nine samples of soil were collected and studies in laboratory were performed including particle tests, size analysis, Methylene blue test and simple shear test. The results obtained show that the soil have a not plastic behavior, NP, and by the size analysis the soil has the classification of SP-SW and SW-SM by the Unification table and A-2 and A-1-a by ASTM classification. The Methylene blue test confirm the previous classifications putting the soil between sand-silt and sandy-clay and clays with low activity. The simple straight cut tests give, preferentially, angles between 36° and 40° for internal friction angle. All the results was interpreted and analyzed by the ultimate goal of civil engineering that is a optimization of ground use and construction of structures safe for the maximum time possible.
Geotechnics is an elementary subject for the realization of civil engineering projects, because of the background knowledge on what type of soil the building will be deployed and the importance good calculation of foundations. Without this background knowledge all structure is in danger of suffer deformations and anomalies in futures years. This master's dissertation is about that idea, where a study of geotechnical parameters of high mountains soils of Estrela mountain is performed. To be more specific in areas of slopes and embankments of expressed instability. The touristic side of the site appeals, each time more people travel to the top of mountains and with the need for building better roads, parking areas, hotels and shopping areas. Three study areas were identified, namely Alforfa valley, Zêzere valley and Manteigas city. Nine samples of soil were collected and studies in laboratory were performed including particle tests, size analysis, Methylene blue test and simple shear test. The results obtained show that the soil have a not plastic behavior, NP, and by the size analysis the soil has the classification of SP-SW and SW-SM by the Unification table and A-2 and A-1-a by ASTM classification. The Methylene blue test confirm the previous classifications putting the soil between sand-silt and sandy-clay and clays with low activity. The simple straight cut tests give, preferentially, angles between 36° and 40° for internal friction angle. All the results was interpreted and analyzed by the ultimate goal of civil engineering that is a optimization of ground use and construction of structures safe for the maximum time possible.
Description
Keywords
Geotecnia Serra da Estrela Solos de Alta Montanha Vertentes e Taludes