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Abstract(s)
As deslocações humanas sempre estiveram presentes na história da
humanidade, envolvendo pessoas, individualmente ou em grupo, de diversas regiões
do globo. Entretanto, a globalização tem fomentado essas deslocações populacionais,
movidas por motivações de várias ordens tais como económicas, sociais, políticas,
religiosas, ambientais, académicas, entre outras.
Durante muito tempo a migração era sobretudo masculina, no entanto, com o
aumento da participação feminina nos fluxos migratórios, a mulher enquanto agente
migratória, começou a ganhar destaque nos meios de comunicação social, nos
discursos académicos e políticos. Neste sentido, com a dissertação que aqui se
apresenta cujo tema: vivências e percursos migratórios das mães solteiras de
origem cabo-verdiana residentes em Portugal procura-se dar maior evidência à
mulher enquanto agente migratório, explorando assim alguns aspectos de suas
vivências no país de origem, Cabo Verde, e compreender o percurso migratório
dessas mulheres no país de acolhimento, Portugal.
Para a sua execução recorreu-se a entrevistas semi-directivas, onde foram
entrevistadas dez mães solteiras de origem cabo-verdiana residentes em Portugal,
mais concretamente no concelho de Amadora, que tinham sido mães antes do
processo migratório e que não vivem em união de facto.
Da análise efectuada verificou-se que o factor económico constitui a principal
razão que desencadeou a decisão de emigrar por parte das mães solteiras
entrevistadas. A emigração aparece como uma fuga à pobreza e à situação de
precariedade em que se encontravam no país de origem. Essas mulheres enfrentam
inúmeras dificuldades no país de acolhimento, no entanto, a falta de documentação
foi a principal barreira relatada por elas. Os familiares e os amigos desempenham um
grande papel no processo de adaptação e integração dessas mulheres no país de
destino e a ausência dos filhos interfere negativamente na integração das mães em
Portugal.
Apesar das entrevistadas não serem representativas do grupo alvo, as histórias
de vida recolhidas permitiram compreender a realidade dessas mulheres, tanto na
fase anterior como posterior ao projecto migratório.
All through history there have been movements of people, individually or in groups, from one region to another. The recent intense globalization involved a boost in the population flows, for numerous motives, including those of an economic, social, political, and ecological character. For a long time, migration has been a predominantly male affair, but the number of women in the migratory flows has been steadily rising. The interest for women as migrants has increased in the media and in the academic and political discourse. But even so, the attention for migrant women stands in no proportion to their actual qualitative and quantitative significance. It is hoped that the present thesis, entitled "Ways of life and migratory courses of single mothers of Cape Verdean origin living in Portugal", contributes to the knowledge about and understanding of women as migrants. Some aspects of their lives in their homeland, Cape Verde, will be explored, as well as the course of their lives and their experiences in the land to which they migrated, Portugal. In the research, semi-directive interviews were held with ten single mothers from the Cape Verde Islands living in Portugal, more precisely in the municipality of Amadora. These women had become mothers before they undertook the migratory adventure, and at the time of research were not living with a man. A conclusion of the research was that the economic factor was the main trigger for the decision of migration of the interviewees. The emigration is a flight from poverty and the precarious conditions in which they lived in their homeland. These women encountered numerous problems in the land of destination, the greatest of which they considered to be the lack of documents. The relatives and friends have a major role in the process of adaptation and integration in Portugal and the absence of the children has a negative influence on their integration. Although we cannot claim that the interviewees were fully representative of the category under scrutiny, the life stories collected may be considered a tool for the understanding of the conditions of these women, both before and after the migration.
All through history there have been movements of people, individually or in groups, from one region to another. The recent intense globalization involved a boost in the population flows, for numerous motives, including those of an economic, social, political, and ecological character. For a long time, migration has been a predominantly male affair, but the number of women in the migratory flows has been steadily rising. The interest for women as migrants has increased in the media and in the academic and political discourse. But even so, the attention for migrant women stands in no proportion to their actual qualitative and quantitative significance. It is hoped that the present thesis, entitled "Ways of life and migratory courses of single mothers of Cape Verdean origin living in Portugal", contributes to the knowledge about and understanding of women as migrants. Some aspects of their lives in their homeland, Cape Verde, will be explored, as well as the course of their lives and their experiences in the land to which they migrated, Portugal. In the research, semi-directive interviews were held with ten single mothers from the Cape Verde Islands living in Portugal, more precisely in the municipality of Amadora. These women had become mothers before they undertook the migratory adventure, and at the time of research were not living with a man. A conclusion of the research was that the economic factor was the main trigger for the decision of migration of the interviewees. The emigration is a flight from poverty and the precarious conditions in which they lived in their homeland. These women encountered numerous problems in the land of destination, the greatest of which they considered to be the lack of documents. The relatives and friends have a major role in the process of adaptation and integration in Portugal and the absence of the children has a negative influence on their integration. Although we cannot claim that the interviewees were fully representative of the category under scrutiny, the life stories collected may be considered a tool for the understanding of the conditions of these women, both before and after the migration.
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Keywords
Mães solteiras - Percursos migratórios Mulheres imigrantes - Portugal