| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 506.65 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os eventos de catástrofe são sérios problemas de saúde pública que podem
resultar em perdas humanas significativas. A medicina de catástrofe apresenta-se como
uma resposta ao grande número de vítimas, à pressão do tempo e ao número reduzido de
recursos disponíveis, que caracteriza estes fenómenos, de forma a evitar uma sobrecarga
dos serviços de saúde. O que exige profissionais experientes e capacitados para atuar de
forma eficaz, e por isso, várias instituições têm reforçado o alerta para a inclusão, no
currículo das escolas médicas, de programas centrados nesta área.
Objetivo: Rever a literatura publicada sobre o ensino de medicina de catástrofe a
estudantes de medicina, incluindo os métodos pedagógicos utilizados, análise da eficácia
das metodologias de ensino no conhecimento e atitudes dos alunos e da respetiva
avaliação dos programas.
Métodos: Esta revisão foi realizada com base nas guidelines e recomendações para
revisões sistemáticas do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
Meta- Analyses). A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada na base de dados PubMed de
artigos em inglês, português ou espanhol, datados entre janeiro de 2010 e setembro de
2021. Utilizaram-se as seguintes palavras-chave: “disaster medicine” AND “medical
students” AND “medical education” AND “medical school”. Foram selecionados artigos
que cumpriam os seguintes critérios de inclusão: avaliar a importância do ensino de
medicina de catástrofe a estudantes de medicina e a implementação de métodos
pedagógicos. O principal outcome analisado foi o nível de conhecimento. Outros outcomes
analisados foram as atitudes e a satisfação com a intervenção.
Resultados: De acordo com os artigos revistos são vários os métodos apresentados para
prestar a formação em medicina de catástrofe, entre métodos mais passivos, como
exposição de aulas teóricas, e métodos mais ativos, como simulações. A evolução do nível
de conhecimento e as atitudes dos estudantes relativamente a esta temática é positiva,
independentemente do método pedagógico utilizado. No entanto, não está comprovada a
retenção das competências adquiridas e não é avaliado o impacto desta formação na
gestão e atuação em catástrofes.
Conclusão: A medicina de catástrofe é assumida como uma área da medicina essencial
para responder a eventos de catástrofe, e tem potencial para se tornar numa matéria
constante a ser ensinada nas escolas médicas, sendo que vários métodos pedagógicos são apresentados. Tendo em conta os resultados desta revisão concluímos que os métodos de
aprendizagem avaliados aumentam o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes e contribuem
para a confiança dos alunos nas suas capacidades práticas. No entanto, são necessários
mais estudos e harmonização dos métodos de ensino, com vista à integração desta
temática na educação de estudantes de medicina.
Introduction: Disasters are serious public health problems that can result in significant human loss. Disaster medicine is a response to the large number of wounded, the pressure of time and the reduced number of available resources, which caracterizes these phenomena, in order to avoid an overload of health services. This requires experienced and skilled professionals to act effectively, and for this reason, several institutions have reinforced the alert for the inclusion, in the curriculum of medical schools, of programs focused on this area. Objective: Review the published literature on teaching catastrophe medicine to medical students, the pedagogical methods used, analysis of the effectiveness of the teaching methodologies on students’ knowledge and attitudes, and their evaluation of the programs. Methodology: This review was carried out on the basis of guidelines and recommendations for systematic reviews of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The bibliographic research was carried out in the Pubmed database of articles in english, portuguese or spanish, dated between January 2010 and September 2021. The following keywords were used: “disaster medicine” AND “medical students” AND “medical education” AND “medical school”. The selected articles studied the importance of teaching disaster medicine or presented methods directed to medical students. The main outcome analyzed was the level of knowledge. Other outcomes were attitudes and satisfaction with the intervention. Results: According to the reviewed articles, there are several methods presented to provide training in disaster medicine, from more passive methods, such as lectures, to more active methods, such as simulations. The evolution of students' level of knowledge and attitudes towards this subject is positive, regardless of the pedagogical method used. However, the retention of the acquired skills is not proven and the impact of this training on the management and performance in disasters is not assessed. Conclusion: Disaster medicine is admitted to be an essential area of medicine for responding to catastrophic events, and it has the potential to become a constant subject to be taught in medical schools, and various pedagogical methods are presented. Given that the results of this review, we conclude that the learning methods evaluated increase students' level of knowledge and contribute to students' confidence in their practical skills. However, further studies and harmonization of teaching methods are needed in order to integrate this topic into the education of medical students.
Introduction: Disasters are serious public health problems that can result in significant human loss. Disaster medicine is a response to the large number of wounded, the pressure of time and the reduced number of available resources, which caracterizes these phenomena, in order to avoid an overload of health services. This requires experienced and skilled professionals to act effectively, and for this reason, several institutions have reinforced the alert for the inclusion, in the curriculum of medical schools, of programs focused on this area. Objective: Review the published literature on teaching catastrophe medicine to medical students, the pedagogical methods used, analysis of the effectiveness of the teaching methodologies on students’ knowledge and attitudes, and their evaluation of the programs. Methodology: This review was carried out on the basis of guidelines and recommendations for systematic reviews of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The bibliographic research was carried out in the Pubmed database of articles in english, portuguese or spanish, dated between January 2010 and September 2021. The following keywords were used: “disaster medicine” AND “medical students” AND “medical education” AND “medical school”. The selected articles studied the importance of teaching disaster medicine or presented methods directed to medical students. The main outcome analyzed was the level of knowledge. Other outcomes were attitudes and satisfaction with the intervention. Results: According to the reviewed articles, there are several methods presented to provide training in disaster medicine, from more passive methods, such as lectures, to more active methods, such as simulations. The evolution of students' level of knowledge and attitudes towards this subject is positive, regardless of the pedagogical method used. However, the retention of the acquired skills is not proven and the impact of this training on the management and performance in disasters is not assessed. Conclusion: Disaster medicine is admitted to be an essential area of medicine for responding to catastrophic events, and it has the potential to become a constant subject to be taught in medical schools, and various pedagogical methods are presented. Given that the results of this review, we conclude that the learning methods evaluated increase students' level of knowledge and contribute to students' confidence in their practical skills. However, further studies and harmonization of teaching methods are needed in order to integrate this topic into the education of medical students.
Description
Keywords
Educação Médica Escolas Médicas Estudantes de Medicina Medicina de Catástrofe