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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O trabalho remoto ou teletrabalho constitui uma abordagem à organização e
realização do trabalho crescentemente adotada, num período pandémico e póspandémico, e é caracterizada por uma realização da atividade laboral num
enquadramento diferente daquele que seria o espaço de trabalho físico convencional,
como uma realidade organizacional, tida como uma entidade fisicamente existente e
localizada, com centralização do trabalho e dos trabalhadores num espaço-tempo. Ao
invés de uma atividade centralizada constitui uma realidade mais descentralizada, mais
flexível e potenciada pelo recurso mediador de tecnologias de informação e de
comunicação.
A crescente adoção e até generalização do uso de trabalho remoto introduziu
requisitos de mudança e zonas de desconhecimento, na forma de o operacionalizar, mas,
sobretudo, nos resultados e consequências da sua adoção, nomeadamente, em relação ao
aparecimento de novos riscos psicossociais e alterações em variáveis e indicadores de
saúde ocupacional, que possam constituir risco e ter implicações negativas para os
trabalhadores. Neste enquadramento, o presente estudo pretende contribuir para uma
análise teórica e empírica de questões relacionadas com a saúde ocupacional dos
teletrabalhadores, nomeadamente, ao nível do desenvolvimento de sintomatologia
depressiva, riscos psicossociais específicos e comprometimento ocupacional.
Partindo de uma revisão de literatura tematicamente orientada e resultados de
investigações anteriores os objetivos deste estudo passam por analisar, de forma
descritiva, as variáveis principais: a depressão e o comprometimento ocupacional, bem
como as variáveis secundárias: os riscos psicossociais e a qualidade do sono, numa
amostra de trabalhadores remotos, avaliando se os indivíduos em teletrabalho
(exclusivamente remoto ou híbrido), e considerando outras variáveis sociodemográficas
e profissionais, apresentam indicadores de sintomatologia depressiva e de que forma as
restantes variáveis se relacionam e podem predizer a sintomatologia depressiva.
Análises quantitativas foram realizadas sobre dados recolhidos com recurso a
questionários disseminados via online, permitindo uma amostra de 101 participantes
válidos a exercer atividade laboral em modalidade de teletrabalho (exclusivamente
remoto ou híbrido). A amostra compreende participantes com idades entre os 22 e os 60
anos, com uma média de idades de 34.08 anos e desvio-padrão de 8.783, bem como uma
participação masculina maior, já que 54 dos participantes são homens e 47 são mulheres.
Para a recolha de dados foi utilizado um protocolo de recolha de dados onde se incluiu,
um questionário sociodemográfico e socioprofissional e instrumentos de avaliação como o Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 (UWES-9), o Inventário Breve de Sintomas-18
(BSI-18) e o Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II).
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que existe uma associação entre a
sintomatologia depressiva, os riscos psicossociais (exigências no trabalho e relações
interpessoais e de liderança), a qualidade de sono e o comprometimento ocupacional. No
que diz respeito a testes de diferença apenas foram evidenciadas diferenças na variável
depressão quando analisada em função do género. Já em relação aos testes de associação
foram encontradas correlações fortes entre as variáveis comprometimento ocupacional
e depressão, relações interpessoais e de liderança e o comprometimento ocupacional e
depressão e qualidade do sono. O comprometimento ocupacional e as relações
interpessoais e de liderança foram apresentadas como possíveis fatores protetores para
o aparecimento de sintomatologia depressiva. A análise de regressão linear permitiu
percecionar as possíveis predições de impacto das dimensões do comprometimento
ocupacional, das relações interpessoais e de liderança e qualidade do sono na depressão.
Por fim, apresentam-se conclusões, limitações e implicações desta investigação,
bem como possíveis estudos futuros e de continuidade.
Remote work or telework is an approach to organizing and carrying out work that has been increasingly adopted in a pandemic and post-pandemic period and is characterized by carrying out work activities in a different framework than the conventional physical workspace, as an organizational reality, seen as a physically existing and localized entity, with centralization of work and workers in a space-time. Instead of a centralized activity, it constitutes a more decentralized, more flexible reality, enhanced by the mediating resource of information and communication technologies. The growing adoption and even generalization of the use of remote work introduced changing requirements and areas of obliviousness, in the way of operationalizing it, but, above all, in the results and consequences of its adoption, namely, in relation to the appearance of new psychosocial risks and alterations on occupational health variables and indicators that may pose a risk and have negative implications for workers. In this framework, the present study intends to contribute to a theoretical and empirical analysis of issues related to the occupational health of teleworkers, namely, in terms of the development of depressive symptoms, specific psychosocial risks and work engagement. Starting from a thematically oriented literature review and the results of previous investigations, the objectives of this study are to analyze, in a descriptive way, the main variables: depression and work engagement, as well as the secondary variables: psychosocial risks and sleep quality, in a sample of remote workers, assessing whether individuals in telework (exclusively remote or hybrid), and considering other sociodemographic and professional variables, present indicators of depressive symptoms and how the remaining variables are related and can predict depressive symptoms. Quantitative analyzes were carried out on data collected using questionnaires disseminated online, allowing a sample of 101 valid participants to carry out work activity in telework mode (exclusively remote or hybrid). The sample comprises participants aged between 22 and 60 years, with a mean age of 34.08 years and a standard deviation of 8,783, as well as a greater male participation, since 54 of the participants are men and 47 are women. For data collection, a data collection protocol was used, which included a socio-demographic and socio-professional questionnaire and assessment instruments such as the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 (UWES-9), the Brief Symptom Inventory18 (BSI-18 ) and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II). The results showed that there is an association between depressive symptoms, psychosocial risks (demands at work and interpersonal and leadership relationships), sleep quality and work engagement. As far as the difference tests are concerned, differences were only evidenced in the depression variable when analyzed according to gender. Regarding the association tests, strong correlations were found between the variable’s occupational impairment and depression, interpersonal and leadership relationships and occupational impairment and depression and sleep quality. Work engagement and interpersonal and leadership relationships were presented as possible protective factors for the onset of depressive symptoms. Linear regression analysis allowed perceiving possible predictions of the impact of the dimensions of occupational commitment, interpersonal and leadership relationships, and sleep quality on depression. Finally, conclusions, limitations and implications of this investigation are presented, as well as possible future and continuity studies.
Remote work or telework is an approach to organizing and carrying out work that has been increasingly adopted in a pandemic and post-pandemic period and is characterized by carrying out work activities in a different framework than the conventional physical workspace, as an organizational reality, seen as a physically existing and localized entity, with centralization of work and workers in a space-time. Instead of a centralized activity, it constitutes a more decentralized, more flexible reality, enhanced by the mediating resource of information and communication technologies. The growing adoption and even generalization of the use of remote work introduced changing requirements and areas of obliviousness, in the way of operationalizing it, but, above all, in the results and consequences of its adoption, namely, in relation to the appearance of new psychosocial risks and alterations on occupational health variables and indicators that may pose a risk and have negative implications for workers. In this framework, the present study intends to contribute to a theoretical and empirical analysis of issues related to the occupational health of teleworkers, namely, in terms of the development of depressive symptoms, specific psychosocial risks and work engagement. Starting from a thematically oriented literature review and the results of previous investigations, the objectives of this study are to analyze, in a descriptive way, the main variables: depression and work engagement, as well as the secondary variables: psychosocial risks and sleep quality, in a sample of remote workers, assessing whether individuals in telework (exclusively remote or hybrid), and considering other sociodemographic and professional variables, present indicators of depressive symptoms and how the remaining variables are related and can predict depressive symptoms. Quantitative analyzes were carried out on data collected using questionnaires disseminated online, allowing a sample of 101 valid participants to carry out work activity in telework mode (exclusively remote or hybrid). The sample comprises participants aged between 22 and 60 years, with a mean age of 34.08 years and a standard deviation of 8,783, as well as a greater male participation, since 54 of the participants are men and 47 are women. For data collection, a data collection protocol was used, which included a socio-demographic and socio-professional questionnaire and assessment instruments such as the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 (UWES-9), the Brief Symptom Inventory18 (BSI-18 ) and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II). The results showed that there is an association between depressive symptoms, psychosocial risks (demands at work and interpersonal and leadership relationships), sleep quality and work engagement. As far as the difference tests are concerned, differences were only evidenced in the depression variable when analyzed according to gender. Regarding the association tests, strong correlations were found between the variable’s occupational impairment and depression, interpersonal and leadership relationships and occupational impairment and depression and sleep quality. Work engagement and interpersonal and leadership relationships were presented as possible protective factors for the onset of depressive symptoms. Linear regression analysis allowed perceiving possible predictions of the impact of the dimensions of occupational commitment, interpersonal and leadership relationships, and sleep quality on depression. Finally, conclusions, limitations and implications of this investigation are presented, as well as possible future and continuity studies.
Description
Keywords
Comprometimento Ocupacional Depressão Qualidade do Sono Riscos
Psicossociais Teletrabalho Trabalho Remoto