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Authors
Abstract(s)
Atualmente, têm-se assistido a um aumento da acumulação de resíduos resultantes das
atividades industriais, com a utilização generalizada de materiais compósitos. O mercado
da energia eólica tem demonstrado possuir graves problemas em relação aos
equipamentos quando estes atingem o fim do seu ciclo de vida, especificamente, com a
deposição em aterro dos resíduos resultantes das pás de rotor. Estas pás, são,
geralmente, constituídas por fibras de vidro, em conjunto, com uma matriz polimérica,
que quando depositadas em aterro, não sendo biodegradáveis, acumulam-se,
provocando graves problemas às futuras gerações. O objetivo geral da presente
dissertação é identificar os desafios e as oportunidades de um método de reciclagem das
pás de rotor de aerogeradores eólicos. Com este objetivo em vista, ensaiou-se uma
metodologia de reciclagem, nomeadamente, a reciclagem térmica, e posteriormente,
recorreu-se a ensaios de tração, à avaliação microscópica e à avaliação EDX. Assim, o
trabalho desenvolvido permitiu concluir que a melhor condição a adotar em ambiente
industrial para a reciclagem das pás de rotor é a queima do material compósito a 600 ºC
por um período de 15 minutos, pois conduz apenas a uma perda de resistência mecânica
de 15,3% face às fibras virgens. No entanto, revelaram-se como parâmetros inválidos, a
queima do material compósito a 400 ºC durante 15 minutos, 30 minutos e 60 minutos,
uma vez que tanto a temperatura como o tempo de queima não foram os ideais, dado que
as fibras ainda apresentaram resíduos de resina nas suas superfícies. Por sua vez, as
amostras com menores quantidades de resina, revelaram uma menor resistência à
tração, devido à degradação das fibras pela temperatura. Para as temperaturas mais altas
e/ou tempos de queima mais longos, as fibras degradam-se ao ponto de se tornarem
quebradiças (aparecimento de fibras partidas). Por fim, verificou-se ainda a presença de
carvão na superfície das fibras para diferentes temperaturas, isto porque estas amostras
exibiram uma elevada percentagem de carbono, através da avaliação EDX.
Nowadays, with the frequent application of composite materials has been reported an increased accumulation of waste resulting from industrial activities. The wind energy market has shown to have serious problems in relation to equipment when it reaches the end of its life cycle, specifically, with the landfill of waste resulting from rotor blades. These blades are generally made of glass fibres combined with a polymeric matrix, which when deposited in landfill, since it is not biodegradable, accumulates, causing serious problems for future generations. The general objective of this dissertation is to identify the challenges and opportunities of a method of recycling the rotor blades of wind turbines. With this objective in mind, a recycling methodology was tested, namely, thermal recycling, and subsequently, tensile tests, microscopic evaluation and EDX evaluation were used. Thus, the work carried out allowed to conclude that the best condition to be adopted in an industrial environment for the recycling of rotor blades is burning the composite material at 600 ºC for a period of 15 minutes, as it only leads to a loss of mechanical strength of 15.3% compared to virgin fibres. However, burning the composite material at 400 ºC for 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes proved to be invalid parameters, since both the temperature and the burning time were not ideal, since the fibres still showed resin residues on their surfaces. In turn, samples with lower amounts of resin, showed less tensile strength, due to the degradation of fibres by temperature. For higher temperatures and/or longer burning periods, the fibres degrade to the point of becoming brittle (appearance of broken fibres). Finally, there was also the presence of coal on the fibre surface for different temperatures, because these samples exhibited a high percentage of carbon, through the EDX evaluation.
Nowadays, with the frequent application of composite materials has been reported an increased accumulation of waste resulting from industrial activities. The wind energy market has shown to have serious problems in relation to equipment when it reaches the end of its life cycle, specifically, with the landfill of waste resulting from rotor blades. These blades are generally made of glass fibres combined with a polymeric matrix, which when deposited in landfill, since it is not biodegradable, accumulates, causing serious problems for future generations. The general objective of this dissertation is to identify the challenges and opportunities of a method of recycling the rotor blades of wind turbines. With this objective in mind, a recycling methodology was tested, namely, thermal recycling, and subsequently, tensile tests, microscopic evaluation and EDX evaluation were used. Thus, the work carried out allowed to conclude that the best condition to be adopted in an industrial environment for the recycling of rotor blades is burning the composite material at 600 ºC for a period of 15 minutes, as it only leads to a loss of mechanical strength of 15.3% compared to virgin fibres. However, burning the composite material at 400 ºC for 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes proved to be invalid parameters, since both the temperature and the burning time were not ideal, since the fibres still showed resin residues on their surfaces. In turn, samples with lower amounts of resin, showed less tensile strength, due to the degradation of fibres by temperature. For higher temperatures and/or longer burning periods, the fibres degrade to the point of becoming brittle (appearance of broken fibres). Finally, there was also the presence of coal on the fibre surface for different temperatures, because these samples exhibited a high percentage of carbon, through the EDX evaluation.
Description
Keywords
Compósitos de Fibra de Vidro Pás de Rotor de Aerogeradores Reciclagem Resíduos