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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação insere-se num projeto de investigação mais amplo, que pretende a
avaliação da associação de variáveis de natureza psicológica e de variáveis de natureza
biomédica numa amostra de indivíduos normativos, com idade superior a 18 anos. Das
diferentes variáveis abordadas no projeto foram selecionadas, para este estudo específico, a
Personalidade, a Qualidade de Sono e os Indicadores Cardiovasculares, realizando-se um estudo
descritivo, correlacional e transversal, com uma amostra de 233 sujeitos, 86 dos quais são
homens e 144 são mulheres, cujos objetivos se centram, essencialmente, em: i) descrever a
amostra ao nível de características de personalidade, de pressão arterial e de qualidade de
sono em função de dados sociodemográficos específicos e caracterizadores como o sexo, a
idade, a situação profissional, o local de residência e o estatuto socioeconómico; ii) analisar o
grau de associação entre a personalidade e as restantes variáveis; e iii) determinar a
influência/efeito preditor da personalidade nessas mesmas variáveis.
Previamente à análise empírica foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, como forma de
estruturar uma base teórica pertinente, como ponto de partida para a investigação a
desenvolver. A recolha da amostra foi realizada através da resposta a um protocolo de
investigação, no qual se incluíam um questionário sociodemográfico, uma parte respeitante a
medidas biofisiológicas e outra composta por diversos instrumentos, tendo sido considerados,
para esta investigação, as respostas ao Big Five Inventory-44 (Srivastava & John, 1999) e ao
Questionário de Sono de Oviedo (Bobes et al., 2000).
Os resultados obtidos apontam para diferenças na personalidade e na pressão arterial,
de acordo com variáveis sociodemográficas, nomeadamente, o género, idade, local de
residência, situação profissional e estatuto socioeconómico. Já a qualidade de sono apresenta
significância estatística apenas relativa à situação profissional e ao estatuto socioeconómico.
Quanto às relações entre variáveis, a personalidade não demonstra, de acordo com os
resultados deste estudo, relação com a pressão arterial, existindo, no entanto, relações
significativas entre a personalidade e a qualidade de sono, em especial nas dimensões da
conscienciosidade e do neuroticismo.
Concluiu-se, por fim, que a conscienciosidade e o neuroticismo são fatores preditivos
da satisfação subjetiva do sono e que os níveis de insónia são mais elevados quanto mais baixa
for a conscienciosidade, ao contrário do que acontece entre a abertura à experiência e o
neuroticismo, tanto relativamente à insónia como à hipersónia.
The present dissertation is part of a broader research project which intends to evaluate the association between psychological and biomedical variables on a normative sample. From the different variables used on the project, Personality, Sleep Quality and Cardiovascular Indicators were selected for this specific investigation, which consists in a descriptive, correlational and transversal study with a sample of 233 subjects, from which 86 are men and 144 are women, whose goals are, essentially: i) describe the sample in terms of personality, arterial pressure and sleep quality considering specific sociodemographic data like gender, age, professional situation, place of residence and socioeconomic status; ii) analyze the degree of association between personality and the remaining variables; and iii) determine the influence/predictor effect of personality in those same variables. Previously to the empirical analysis, a literature review was performed with the aim of structuring a relevant theoretical background, as a starting point for the research to be developed. The sampling was performed through a research protocol, in which a sociodemographic questionnaire, a part concerning biophysiological measures, and another one composed by various instruments were included, having been considered, for this investigation, the responses to the Big Five Inventory-44 (John & Srivastava, 1999) and the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (Bobes et al., 2000). The obtained results reveal differences in personality and arterial pressure, according to different sociodemographic variables, more specifically, gender, age, place of residence, professional situation and socioeconomic status. Sleep quality, however, only seems to present significant results considering professional situation and socioeconomic status. Moreover, according to the results of this study, there are no relations between personality and arterial pressure. However, there appears to be a significant relation between personality and sleep quality, especially in specific dimensions such as conscientiousness and neuroticism. Lastly, it was concluded that conscientiousness and neuroticism are predictive factors of sleep subjective satisfaction, and that insomnia levels are higher as lower as conscientiousness is, in opposition to what happens between openness to experience and neuroticism. This applies not only to insomnia but also to hypersomnia.
The present dissertation is part of a broader research project which intends to evaluate the association between psychological and biomedical variables on a normative sample. From the different variables used on the project, Personality, Sleep Quality and Cardiovascular Indicators were selected for this specific investigation, which consists in a descriptive, correlational and transversal study with a sample of 233 subjects, from which 86 are men and 144 are women, whose goals are, essentially: i) describe the sample in terms of personality, arterial pressure and sleep quality considering specific sociodemographic data like gender, age, professional situation, place of residence and socioeconomic status; ii) analyze the degree of association between personality and the remaining variables; and iii) determine the influence/predictor effect of personality in those same variables. Previously to the empirical analysis, a literature review was performed with the aim of structuring a relevant theoretical background, as a starting point for the research to be developed. The sampling was performed through a research protocol, in which a sociodemographic questionnaire, a part concerning biophysiological measures, and another one composed by various instruments were included, having been considered, for this investigation, the responses to the Big Five Inventory-44 (John & Srivastava, 1999) and the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (Bobes et al., 2000). The obtained results reveal differences in personality and arterial pressure, according to different sociodemographic variables, more specifically, gender, age, place of residence, professional situation and socioeconomic status. Sleep quality, however, only seems to present significant results considering professional situation and socioeconomic status. Moreover, according to the results of this study, there are no relations between personality and arterial pressure. However, there appears to be a significant relation between personality and sleep quality, especially in specific dimensions such as conscientiousness and neuroticism. Lastly, it was concluded that conscientiousness and neuroticism are predictive factors of sleep subjective satisfaction, and that insomnia levels are higher as lower as conscientiousness is, in opposition to what happens between openness to experience and neuroticism. This applies not only to insomnia but also to hypersomnia.
Description
Keywords
Personalidade Pressão Arterial Qualidade de Sono