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Abstract(s)
Uma alimentação saudável e variada consegue fornecer ao organismo os nutrientes necessários para um estado de equilíbrio. Contudo, consoante o estilo de vida pode ser necessário completar essa alimentação, através de géneros alimentícios que constituem fontes concentradas de determinadas substâncias nutrientes ou com efeito nutricional, que são os suplementos alimentares. O rendimento desportivo é muito influenciado pela alimentação, sendo frequente a adoção de estratégias nutricionais de forma a aumentar a performance e a recuperação. Existem no mercado uma vasta variedade de suplementos alimentares e com finalidades muito diferentes.
Os medicamentos e os suplementos alimentares apresentam regras e legislação diferentes. Contudo por vezes torna-se difícil estabelecer a fronteira entre estas classificações. A Direção-Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária (DGAV) é a autoridade competente e responsável pelo controlo dos suplementos alimentares. Estes não apresentam um controlo de qualidade tão rigoroso como o aplicado aos medicamentos, que são da responsabilidade da Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde (INFARMED).
Existem poucos estudos sobre a avaliação da qualidade e segurança dos suplementos alimentares, incluindo a análise de parâmetros microbiológicos. A presença de microrganismos patogénicos em alimentos e suplementos alimentares é um problema de saúde pública. Com o aumento do consumo de suplementos alimentares torna-se necessário proceder a um maior controlo por parte dos mesmos.
Com este estudo pretende-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de suplementos alimentares aplicados ao contexto desportivo e comercializados em Portugal. Pretende-se também comparar os resultados obtidos tendo em conta as especificações definidas para medicamentos.
Este estudo foi feito com base nos ensaios de qualidade microbiológica segundo a respetiva monografia da Farmacopeia Europeia 9.0. Foram analisadas 25 amostras, tendo sido divididas em 6 categorias: gainers, proteína, bebidas energéticas, aminoácidos, creatina e dextrose. Os resultados foram obtidos em número de unidades formadoras de colónias (UFC)/g de amostra, sendo estes resultados para aeróbios totais expressos em TAMC (contagem microbiana de aeróbios totais) e os resultados para fungos e leveduras totais expressos em TYMC (contagem combinada de fungos e leveduras totais) , tendo sido ambos comparados com os critérios de qualidade microbiológica de formas farmacêuticas não estéreis, incluindo-se as amostras deste estudo nas preparações não aquosas para uso oral.
Os resultados da análise da qualidade microbiológica das 25 amostras evidenciaram que nenhuma estava fora dos limites estipulados para aeróbios totais, contudo em 7 destas amostras o valor limite estipulado para fungos e leveduras totais foi ultrapassado. Foi feita uma análise à rotulagem das amostras com base nos requisitos definidos por lei que revelou que 7 das 25 amostras não cumpriam a apresentação da totalidade dos requisitos. Ao contrário do que acontece com os produtos farmacêuticos, a ausência de especificações microbiológicas e das normas de Boas Práticas de Fabrico bem definidas contribui para o não cumprimento de critérios de qualidade estipulados para produtos farmacêuticos. É também importante a monitorização do cumprimento da legislação relativa aos rótulos de modo a garantir que o consumidor tem acesso a uma informação completa.
A healthy and varied diet can provide the body with the necessary nutrients for a state of balance. However, depending on the lifestyle, it may be necessary to supplement this diet, through dietary supplements since they are concentrated sources of certain nutrients or nutritional effects. Sports performance is very influenced by diet and it is frequent that people adopt nutritional strategies in order to increase performance and recovery. There are a wide variety of food supplements available on the market and for very different purposes. Medicines and dietary supplements have different rules and legislation, but it is sometimes difficult to establish the boundary between these classifications. The Directorate-General for Food and Veterinary (DGAV) is the competent authority responsible for the control of food supplements. These do not show strict control (including strict microbiological quality control specifications) as applied to medicines, which are under the responsibility of the National Authority for Medicines and Health Products (INFARMED). There are few studies on the evaluation of the quality and safety of food supplements, including the microbiological parameters. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in food and food supplements is a public health problem. With the increase of the consumption of food supplements it becomes necessary to carry out a greater control on the part of the same ones. This study intends to evaluate the microbiological quality of food supplements applied to the sport context and marketed in Portugal. It is also intended to compare the results obtained with food and medicinal specifications. This study was based on the microbiological quality assays according to the respective monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia 9.0. We analyzed 25 samples that were divided into 6 categories, gainers, protein, energy drinks, amino acids, creatine and dextrose. The results were obtained in number of colony forming units (CFU) / g of sample, these results being for total aerobes expressed in TAMC (total aerobic microbial count) and the results for fungi and total yeasts expressed in TYMC (combined counts of fungi and total yeasts), both of which were compared to microbiological quality criteria for non-sterile dosage forms, particularly for non-aqueous preparations for oral use. Results from the microbiological quality assays of the 25 samples reveal that none were outside the stipulated limits for total aerobes, however in 7 of these samples the stipulated limit value for fungi and total yeasts was exceeded. An analysis of the labeling of the samples was carried out based on the requirements defined by law where 7 out of the 25 samples did not meet all the requirements. Unlike pharmaceuticals, the absence of well-defined microbiological quality criteria and good manufacturing practice standards contributes to non-compliance with quality criteria stipulated for pharmaceutical products. It is also important to monitor compliance with labeling legislation to ensure that the consumer has access to complete information.
A healthy and varied diet can provide the body with the necessary nutrients for a state of balance. However, depending on the lifestyle, it may be necessary to supplement this diet, through dietary supplements since they are concentrated sources of certain nutrients or nutritional effects. Sports performance is very influenced by diet and it is frequent that people adopt nutritional strategies in order to increase performance and recovery. There are a wide variety of food supplements available on the market and for very different purposes. Medicines and dietary supplements have different rules and legislation, but it is sometimes difficult to establish the boundary between these classifications. The Directorate-General for Food and Veterinary (DGAV) is the competent authority responsible for the control of food supplements. These do not show strict control (including strict microbiological quality control specifications) as applied to medicines, which are under the responsibility of the National Authority for Medicines and Health Products (INFARMED). There are few studies on the evaluation of the quality and safety of food supplements, including the microbiological parameters. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in food and food supplements is a public health problem. With the increase of the consumption of food supplements it becomes necessary to carry out a greater control on the part of the same ones. This study intends to evaluate the microbiological quality of food supplements applied to the sport context and marketed in Portugal. It is also intended to compare the results obtained with food and medicinal specifications. This study was based on the microbiological quality assays according to the respective monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia 9.0. We analyzed 25 samples that were divided into 6 categories, gainers, protein, energy drinks, amino acids, creatine and dextrose. The results were obtained in number of colony forming units (CFU) / g of sample, these results being for total aerobes expressed in TAMC (total aerobic microbial count) and the results for fungi and total yeasts expressed in TYMC (combined counts of fungi and total yeasts), both of which were compared to microbiological quality criteria for non-sterile dosage forms, particularly for non-aqueous preparations for oral use. Results from the microbiological quality assays of the 25 samples reveal that none were outside the stipulated limits for total aerobes, however in 7 of these samples the stipulated limit value for fungi and total yeasts was exceeded. An analysis of the labeling of the samples was carried out based on the requirements defined by law where 7 out of the 25 samples did not meet all the requirements. Unlike pharmaceuticals, the absence of well-defined microbiological quality criteria and good manufacturing practice standards contributes to non-compliance with quality criteria stipulated for pharmaceutical products. It is also important to monitor compliance with labeling legislation to ensure that the consumer has access to complete information.
Description
Keywords
Aeróbios Totais Fungos e Leveduras Totais Medicamentos Qualidade Microbiológica Suplementos Alimentares