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Abstract(s)
A sociedade atual tem se preocupado cada vez mais com a sustentabilidade,
principalmente a nível ambiental, o que se tem refletido no aumento da procura de
produtos naturais por parte dos consumidores. Aliado a isso, a aplicação de extratos de
plantas em produtos consumidos na vida quotidiana da população tem sido um dos
grandes focos das diversas indústrias, em todo o mundo.
Dentro dos diversos extratos de plantas, desde há vários séculos, os óleos essenciais
encontram-se num lugar de destaque, devido às suas propriedades biológicas
extensamente estudadas. Contudo, mais recentemente, os subprodutos do seu processo
de destilação, designados por hidrolatos, têm suscitado interesse nas indústrias, por
serem misturas diluídas com uma menor complexidade e, por isso, teoricamente, com
uma maior tolerância a nível da segurança para o consumidor. No entanto, os estudos
por parte da comunidade científica acerca destes últimos extratos ainda são escassos,
pelo que se torna necessário promover o aumento do conhecimento relativamente à sua
composição e respetivas propriedades biológicas, bem como ao seu nível de segurança.
As plantas, embora tenham inúmeros benefícios para a saúde humana, podem promover
toxicidade, o que levou a uma significativa consciencialização quanto à necessidade de
se avaliar a sua eficácia e segurança, bem como dos seus extratos, antes da sua possível
aplicação em produtos de consumo humano. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho visa,
então, caracterizar quimicamente cinco extratos de plantas, dentro dos quais se
encontravam dois tipos de extratos, nomeadamente: o hidrolato de Hamamelis
virginiana, o hidrolato de Matricaria chamomilla, o hidrolato e o óleo essencial de
Ocimum basilicum e o óleo essencial de Cupressus lusitanica.
Para além disso, procedeu-se ao estudo do respetivo potencial genotóxico e citotóxico
dos cinco extratos de plantas, com o objetivo de poderem vir a ser incorporados em
formulações farmacêuticas e cosméticas, em especial de aplicação tópica.
Assim, no decorrer deste trabalho, realizou-se o teste de Ames, com o intuito de se avaliar
o potencial mutagénico. Além disso, avaliou-se a citotoxicidade dos extratos, através do
ensaio MTT com uma linha celular de queratinócitos humanos (HaCaT). Os resultados
obtidos neste ensaio bacteriano foram classificados, com base nos três seguintes
critérios: relação dose-resposta, rácio de mutagenicidade e aumento fora do histórico de
controlo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os três hidrolatos podem ser
considerados seguros em baixas concentrações, o que, em conjunto com as suas
atividades biológicas continuamente em estudo, lhes confere um lugar de valorização e
destaque quanto à potencialidade de serem utilizados em produtos farmacêuticos e
cosméticos.
Dentro dos óleos essenciais em estudo, ainda que não tenham apresentado atividade
mutagénica nas condições de teste utilizadas, o óleo essencial de Ocimum basilicum, em
comparação com o de Cupressus lusitanica, demonstrou uma citotoxicidade superior,
sendo apenas biocompatível em concentrações baixas.
Este estudo constitui uma avaliação primária da segurança deste extratos, pelo que,
futuramente, outros parâmetros toxicológicos devam ser avaliados, para uma
determinação completa do perfil de segurança dos extratos de plantas.
Today's society has been increasingly concerned with sustainability, especially at an environmental level, which has been reflected in the increased demand for natural products by consumers. Allied to this, the application of plant extracts in products consumed in the daily life of the population has been one of the major focuses of various industries around the world. Within the different plant extracts, essential oils have been in a prominent place for several centuries, due to their extensively studied biological properties. However, more recently, the by-products of its distillation process, known as hydrolates, have attracted interest in industries, as they are diluted mixtures with a lower complexity and, therefore, theoretically, with a greater tolerance in terms of safety for the consumer. However, studies by the scientific community about these last extracts are still scarce, so it is necessary to promote the increase of knowledge regarding their composition and respective biological properties, as well as their level of safety. Plants, although they have numerous benefits for human health, can promote toxicity, which has led to a significant awareness of the need to evaluate their efficacy and safety, as well as their extracts, before their possible application in human consumer products. In this sense, the present work aims to chemically characterize five plant extracts, within which two types of extracts were found, namely: Hamamelis virginiana hydrolate, Matricaria chamomilla hydrolate, Ocimum basilicum hydrolate and essential oil and Cupressus lusitanica essential oil. In addition, the respective genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the five plant extracts was studied, with the aim of being able to incorporate them into pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, especially for topical application. In the course of this work, the Ames test was performed in order to assess the mutagenic potential. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated through the MTT assay with a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The results obtained in this bacterial assay were classified based on the following three criteria: dose-response relationship, mutagenicity ratio and increase outside the control history. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the three hydrolates can be considered safe in low concentrations, which, together with their biological activities, which are continuously being studied, gives them a place of appreciation and prominence regarding their potential to be used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics products. Among the essential oils under study, although they did not show mutagenic activity under the test conditions used, the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum, in comparison with that of Cupressus lusitanica, showed superior cytotoxicity, being only biocompatible at low concentrations. This study constitutes a primary evaluation of the safety of these extracts, therefore, in the future, other toxicological parameters must be evaluated, for a complete determination of the safety profile of the plant extracts.
Today's society has been increasingly concerned with sustainability, especially at an environmental level, which has been reflected in the increased demand for natural products by consumers. Allied to this, the application of plant extracts in products consumed in the daily life of the population has been one of the major focuses of various industries around the world. Within the different plant extracts, essential oils have been in a prominent place for several centuries, due to their extensively studied biological properties. However, more recently, the by-products of its distillation process, known as hydrolates, have attracted interest in industries, as they are diluted mixtures with a lower complexity and, therefore, theoretically, with a greater tolerance in terms of safety for the consumer. However, studies by the scientific community about these last extracts are still scarce, so it is necessary to promote the increase of knowledge regarding their composition and respective biological properties, as well as their level of safety. Plants, although they have numerous benefits for human health, can promote toxicity, which has led to a significant awareness of the need to evaluate their efficacy and safety, as well as their extracts, before their possible application in human consumer products. In this sense, the present work aims to chemically characterize five plant extracts, within which two types of extracts were found, namely: Hamamelis virginiana hydrolate, Matricaria chamomilla hydrolate, Ocimum basilicum hydrolate and essential oil and Cupressus lusitanica essential oil. In addition, the respective genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the five plant extracts was studied, with the aim of being able to incorporate them into pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, especially for topical application. In the course of this work, the Ames test was performed in order to assess the mutagenic potential. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated through the MTT assay with a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The results obtained in this bacterial assay were classified based on the following three criteria: dose-response relationship, mutagenicity ratio and increase outside the control history. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the three hydrolates can be considered safe in low concentrations, which, together with their biological activities, which are continuously being studied, gives them a place of appreciation and prominence regarding their potential to be used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics products. Among the essential oils under study, although they did not show mutagenic activity under the test conditions used, the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum, in comparison with that of Cupressus lusitanica, showed superior cytotoxicity, being only biocompatible at low concentrations. This study constitutes a primary evaluation of the safety of these extracts, therefore, in the future, other toxicological parameters must be evaluated, for a complete determination of the safety profile of the plant extracts.
Description
Keywords
Citotoxicidade Cupressus Lusitanica Genotoxicidade Hamamelis Virginiana Hidrolato Matricaria Chamomilla Ocimum Basilicum Óleo Essencial