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Publication
Da Posição do Arquiteto: O papel social e político da arquitetura e urbanismo na construção de formas de territorialidade comuns
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Abstract(s)
O tema desta dissertação reflete sobre o papel social e político do arquiteto, não apenas como
profissional, mas também como cidadão ativo. No ensino de arquitetura atual, a ênfase recai
sobretudo em práticas que atendem questões funcionais e formais, reduzindo a arquitetura a um
produto do mercado capitalista. Essa abordagem desvaloriza a função social do arquiteto, que
deveria estar atenta aos problemas da cidade e da sociedade. No contexto das transformações no
ensino de arquitetura em Portugal, país onde a investigação incidirá, eventos como a Reforma de
1957, as crises acadêmicas dos anos 60 e a Revolução de 1974 destacaram a importância da função
social do arquiteto. O surgimento do SAAL, por exemplo, evidenciou a responsabilidade na luta
por habitações dignas e acessíveis. No entanto, o ensino da arquitetura tem se mantido
maioritariamente focado em temáticas formalistas, promovendo a ideia de um arquiteto como
criador solitário, desconectado das questões sociais.
Dessa forma, o arquiteto limita seus diálogos ao campo especializado e às normas urbanas, sem
considerar adequadamente as necessidades das comunidades, assim o entendimento da
população que será impactada pelas criações é suprimido em prol de uma visão autocentrada. Por
meio de estudos de caso, esta dissertação investiga como a consciência social se manifesta no
ensino e nas práticas arquitetônicas, com especial enfoque no curso de Arquitetura da
Universidade da Beira Interior, além de explorar estratégias de cooperação entre academia e
municípios para gerar impactos sociais transformadores. A investigação histórica aliada com a
exposição do esforço em mitigar a crise habitacional, componentes que estruturam a presente
dissertação, mostrou-se fundamental para evidenciar a relevância da participação popular, assim
como para identificar os condicionantes que norteiam a formulação de hipóteses profundamente
conectadas ao território e à sua comunidade, entendidas aqui como territorialidade comum. Essas
premissas são corroboradas pelos estudos de caso, os quais, além de consolidarem a relevância
da pesquisa como etapa inaugural para a intervenção, também enfatizam a importância da
colaboração interdisciplinar no campo especializado e com a sociedade.
The theme of this dissertation reflects on the social and political role of the architect, not only as a professional, but also as an active citizen. In current architecture teaching, the emphasis is mainly on practices that address functional and formal issues, reducing architecture to a product of the capitalist market. This approach devalues the social role of the architect, who should be attentive to the problems of the city and society. In the context of transformations in architecture teaching in Portugal, the country where the investigation will focus, events such as the 1957 Reform, the academic crises of the 60s and the 1974 Revolution highlighted the importance of the architect's social role. The emergence of SAAL, for example, highlighted the responsibility in the fight for decent and affordable housing. However, architecture teaching has remained largely focused on formalist themes, promoting the idea of an architect as a solitary creator, disconnected from social issues. In this way, the architect limits his dialogues to the specialized field and urban norms, without adequately considering the needs of the communities, thus the understanding of the population that will be impacted by the creations is suppressed in favor of a self-centered vision. Through case studies, this dissertation investigates how social consciousness manifests itself in teaching and architectural practices, with a special focus on the Architecture course at the University of Beira Interior, in addition to exploring cooperation strategies between academia and municipalities to generate social impacts transformers. Historical research combined with the exposure of the effort to mitigate the housing crisis, components that structure this dissertation, proved to be fundamental in highlighting the relevance of popular participation, as well as identifying the conditions that guide the formulation of hypotheses deeply connected to the territory and its community, understood here as common territoriality. These premises are corroborated by the case studies, which, in addition to consolidating the relevance of research as an inaugural step for intervention, also emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in the specialized field and with society.
The theme of this dissertation reflects on the social and political role of the architect, not only as a professional, but also as an active citizen. In current architecture teaching, the emphasis is mainly on practices that address functional and formal issues, reducing architecture to a product of the capitalist market. This approach devalues the social role of the architect, who should be attentive to the problems of the city and society. In the context of transformations in architecture teaching in Portugal, the country where the investigation will focus, events such as the 1957 Reform, the academic crises of the 60s and the 1974 Revolution highlighted the importance of the architect's social role. The emergence of SAAL, for example, highlighted the responsibility in the fight for decent and affordable housing. However, architecture teaching has remained largely focused on formalist themes, promoting the idea of an architect as a solitary creator, disconnected from social issues. In this way, the architect limits his dialogues to the specialized field and urban norms, without adequately considering the needs of the communities, thus the understanding of the population that will be impacted by the creations is suppressed in favor of a self-centered vision. Through case studies, this dissertation investigates how social consciousness manifests itself in teaching and architectural practices, with a special focus on the Architecture course at the University of Beira Interior, in addition to exploring cooperation strategies between academia and municipalities to generate social impacts transformers. Historical research combined with the exposure of the effort to mitigate the housing crisis, components that structure this dissertation, proved to be fundamental in highlighting the relevance of popular participation, as well as identifying the conditions that guide the formulation of hypotheses deeply connected to the territory and its community, understood here as common territoriality. These premises are corroborated by the case studies, which, in addition to consolidating the relevance of research as an inaugural step for intervention, also emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in the specialized field and with society.
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Keywords
Arquitetura Ensino Acadêmico Fundão Política Problemas Sociais Ubi